LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in For Whom the Bell Tolls, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Love in War
Cultural Connections
Violence, Cowardice, and Death
The Eternality of the Present
Summary
Analysis
Robert Jordan tells Agustin not to fire his gun until he is sure that the fascists are coming in; if they “merely present themselves,” he must leave them alone like they did before. He climbs up some boulders to where Primitivo is positioned and looks across the valley to see a troop of cavalry riding uphill toward the firing. Though Primitivo insists that they go to aid El Sordo, Jordan says that it is impossible. El Sordo and his men are lost: they have surely been massacred. Jordan says that it would be useless if the group went to help, and the firing doubles in intensity.
Sure enough, Pilar’s predictions of death come true: El Sordo’s group is attacked by the fascists, leaving the other guerillas stunned and hopeless. Unable to help El Sordo, the guerillas can only defend themselves; still, their desire to come to the aid of their fellow fighters suggests their inherent loyalty and generosity toward others.
Active
Themes
Pilar approaches them and takes Jordan’s binoculars to see cavalry entering El Sordo’s territory. Jordan tells her that the combat seems “bad,” and that they can do nothing for El Sordo. Pilar reprimands Primitivo for wanting to aid El Sordo, since it is a “useless” endeavor. The group watches a plane overheard, heading toward the top of the valley and circling back toward Segovia. Jordan asks Pilar if she has “caught” his fear, but she says that he has no fear to catch; she adds that she will send food and wine up to them from the cave. Though the firing has slowed, Jordan says that the attack on El Sordo is not over yet: the attackers likely have them surrounded.
Pilar’s fearlessness in the face of death suggests her status as the group’s true leader. Even though she has expressed helplessness and hopelessness before, she proves to be as practical and determined as Robert Jordan, realizing that it would be “useless”—and very dangerous—to go to El Sordo’s aid and face fire from the fascists themselves.