Before the start of the novel’s action, when Úrsula and José Arcadio Buendía are still living in Riohacha, Prudencio Aguilar publicly insults José Arcadio Buendía’s masculinity by implying that he is impotent (this is based on rumors that he and Úrsula have not consummated their marriage). In response, José Arcadio Buendía kills Prudencio Aguilar, whose ghost then haunts the couple until they leave Riohacha to found Macondo. José Arcadio Buendía sees Prudencio Aguilar’s ghost several more times throughout his life, and when Buendía is dying, Aguilar's ghost takes care of him.