LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The City & the City, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Borders and Doubles
Seeing vs. Unseeing
Crime vs. Punishment
Urban Life and Alienation
Paranoia, Conspiracy, and Illicit Knowledge
Summary
Analysis
Having noticed Borlú’s presence, Aikam tries to attack him. Borlú restrains him, telling him to calm down and promising he will not harm Yolanda. He promises that he is not with the militsya and that he wants to help them. In the living room, Yolanda sits on a piece of broken furniture, stands, then sits again. Borlú asks if Yolanda ever leaves this apartment. Yolanda says that she is hiding, waiting to get out. She can’t tell anyone where she is because she knows “they” will find her and kill her like they did Mahalia. When Borlú asks who, she says “The third place. Between the city and the city. Orciny.”
Considering her best friend has been killed, Yolanda is right to be worried, although it is unclear at this point whether she has succumbed to paranoia and conspiracy theories. Recall that several people have described her as being less intelligent than Mahalia (and recall that Buidze also described Aikam as “dumb”). It is not unlikely that her interpretation of what’s happening is mistaken.
Active
Themes
While Borlú and Yolanda speak, he doesn’t interrupt and tell her that her ideas are foolish conspiracy theories, and she takes this as confirmation that her paranoia is right. Borlú learns that Aikam found the apartment for her and set her up there. She insists that now Mahalia and Bowden have been targeted, she will certainly be next. Yolanda explains that Mahalia’s PhD work was just a cover for her real investigation into Orciny; she would only ever do just enough to make sure Professor Nancy was satisfied. Yolanda says, “Do you realise they [Orciny] contacted her,” adding, “They’re everywhere.”
Confusingly, Yolanda manages to simultaneously sound excessively paranoid and potentially correct. For example, her explanation that Mahalia’s PhD work was just a cover makes sense considering Professor Nancy found it strangely disappointing. Yet at the same time, Yolanda’s claim that Orciny is “everywhere” sounds like the words of someone suffering from paranoid delusions.
Active
Themes
Yolanda explains that after the controversy she caused at the conference, Mahalia received a letter written in the ancient script that preceded the founding of Besźel and Ul Qoma. The message said something along the lines of, “We are watching you. You understand. Would you like to know more?” Orciny started making Mahalia complete tasks for them; in return, they would provide pieces of information about the city, its people, and its history. Yolanda emphasizes that the people of Orciny have special powers, and that the artefacts in the Bol Ye’an dig belong to them. Indeed, the artefacts were never lost, but are rather being deliberately stored at the site by Orciny.
This passage is crucial to the eventual resolution of the case, although it will not be totally clear why until the end of the novel. For now, what is most significant is that Mahalia was made an agent of Orciny, doing things on their request. According to Yolanda’s story, they realized that her desire for knowledge was enough to allow them to manipulate her.
Active
Themes
Shortly before her death, Mahalia appeared increasingly distressed. She told Yolanda that they “could be thieves without even knowing.” Yolanda believes she must have somehow angered Orciny, and that Bowden has angered them too. When Borlú mentions that Bowden rejects Orciny now, Yolanda replies that this is just because he needs work, but really he knows Orciny exists.
Mahalia’s statement that she and Yolanda could be “thieves” is intriguing. They are archeology PhD students—what are they taking? Of course, the answer to this is the artefacts at Bol Ye’an. Yet those artefacts are likely just being stored at the site.
Borlú begins to say something, but then realizes he has no idea what he thinks the truth is. However, he then points out that Yolanda has an option she hasn’t yet tried. If she purposefully breached, then at least she would be safe from the powers of Orciny, as Breach would deport her. Yolanda says Mahalia used to say that Orciny and Breach were enemies at war, but she’s not so sure herself. She thinks they might work together, or even be the same thing.
Yolanda’s resistance to provoking Breach could be yet another sign of her excessively paranoid thinking—her statement that Breach and Orciny are the same thing seems to indicate this. On the other hand, she could be right—it is hard to know when Borlú himself has lost all sense of what the truth actually is.