Breach symbolizes the fundamentally illogical nature of crime and punishment in the novel, highlighting that there are some laws that don’t exist for any reason other than to exert control over citizens. Breach is the term given to the crime of acknowledging or engaging with the opposite city; this can mean anything from looking at the other city or verbally acknowledging its existence to actually entering the other city (without doing so at the official border checkpoint at Copula Hall). However, breach is not only the name for the crime, but also the authority charged with policing it (when it is capitalized as Breach) and the area in which citizens guilty of breach are taken, which is known as “the Breach.” The fact that each of these three aspects of breach all have the same name is confusing, intensifying the atmosphere of mystery and obscurity that surrounds breach. It also further emphasizes the idea that breach is a self-justifying crime, a crime that exists mainly in order for people to be charged and punished for doing so.
Borlú spends most of the novel struggling to investigate the murder of Mahalia Geary without committing breach, a difficult task considering her body was found in a different city (Besźel) than the one in which she lived (Ul Qoma). The fact that avoiding breach makes it difficult for Borlú to complete his detective work shows the counterproductive effect that breach has on the world. Rather than making Besźel and Ul Qoma safer and more functional, it does the opposite, allowing crimes to take place and go unsolved. Part of why this happens is because, somewhat inexplicably, breach is considered worse than any other crime, including murder. Again, this strange hierarchy shows how crime can be self-justifying. There is no proper reason given for why breach is the worst of all crimes, yet because it is the most harshly punished, everyone has no choice but to accept this hierarchy. Finally, breach also symbolizes the frightening power of the unknown. Citizens know that if they commit breach (the crime), then Breach (the authority) will “disappear” them. However, beyond this almost nothing is known about what Breach actually is and how Breach manages to make people disappear. When Borlú commits breach toward the end of the novel and it is revealed that people who breach are taken into the Breach (the area) and made part of Breach (the authority), this rather simple explanation is actually somewhat anticlimactic. Being taken into a void and forced to punish others for the same crime you committed is certainly sinister, but this reality is less frightening than the mystery of not knowing what B/breach is at all.
Breach Quotes in The City & the City
My informant should not have seen the posters. They were not in his country. He should never have told me. He made me accessory. The information was an allergen in Besźel—the mere fact of it in my head was a kind of trauma. I was complicit. It was done.
A political irony. Those most dedicated to the perforation of the boundary between Besźel and Ul Qoma had to observe it most carefully. If I or one of my friends were to have a moment’s failure of unseeing (and who did not do that? Who failed to fail to see, sometimes?), so long as it was not flaunted or indulged in, we should not be in danger. If I were to glance a second or two on some attractive passerby in Ul Qoma, if I were to silently enjoy the skyline of the two cities together, be irritated by the noise of an Ul Qoman train, I would not be taken.
Here, though, at this building not just my colleagues but the powers of Breach were always wrathful and as Old Testament as they had the powers and right to be. That terrible presence might appear and disappear a unificationist for even a somatic breach, a startled jump at a misfiring Ul Qoma car.
Very occasionally a young Ul Qoman who does not know the area of their city that Ul Qomatown crosshatches will blunder up to ask directions of an ethnically Ul Qoman Besźel-dweller, thinking them his or her compatriots. The mistake is quickly detected—there is nothing like being ostentatiously unseen to alarm—and Breach are normally merciful.
A Besź dweller cannot walk a few paces next door into an alter house without breach.
But pass through Copula Hall and she or he might leave Besźel, and at the end of the hall come back to exactly (corporeally) where they had just been, but in another country, a tourist, a marvelling visitor, to a street that shared the latitude-longitude of their own address, a street they had never visited before, whose architecture they had always unseen, to the Ul Qoman house sitting next to and a whole city away from their own building, unvisible there now they had come through, all the way across the Breach, back home.
Okay I need to be a little bit careful here, Inspector, because honestly I never really, not really, thought he did believe it—I always thought it was kind of a game—but the book said he believed it […] A secret colony. A city between the cities, its inhabitants living in plain sight […] Unseen, like Ul Qomans to the Besź and vice versa. Walking the streets unseen but overlooking the two. Beyond the Breach. And doing what, who knows? Secret agendas. They’re still debating that, I don’t doubt, on the conspiracy theory websites.
“Of course it’s ludicrous, like you say. Secret overlords behind the scene, more powerful even than Breach, puppetmasters, hidden cities.”
“Crap.”
“Yeah, but the point is that it’s crap a bunch of people believe. And”—I opened my hands at him—“something big’s going on, and we have no idea what it is.”
“I’m getting paranoid,” I said.
“Oh no, they’re really watching you.”
“Yorjavic didn’t breach, Borlú. He shot over the border, in Copula Hall. He never breached. Lawyers might have an argument: was the crime committed in Besźel where he pulled the trigger, or Ul Qoma where the bullets hit? Or both? He held out his hands in an elegant who cares? “He never breached. You did. So you are here, now, in the Breach.”
The Breach was nothing. It is nothing. This is a commonplace; this is simple stuff. The Breach has no embassies, no army, no sights to see. The Breach has no currency. If you commit it it will envelop you. Breach is void full of angry police.
I could imagine the panic of bystanders and passersby, let alone those innocent motorists of Besźel and Ul Qoma, having swerved desperately out of the path of the careening vehicles, of necessity in and out of the topolganger city, trying hard to regain control and pull their vehicles back to where they dwelt. Faced then with scores of afraid, injured intruders, without intent to transgress but without choice, without language to ask for help, stumbling out of the ruined buses, weeping children in their arms and bleeding across borders. Approaching people they saw, not attuned to the nuances of nationality—clothes, colours, hair, posture—oscillating back and forth between countries.
Smuggling’s not my department; take what you want. I’m not a political man—I don’t care if you mess with Ul Qoma. I’m here because you’re a murderer.
Ul Qoma’s government announced a new campaign, Vigilant Neighbours, neighbourliness referring both to the people next door (what were they doing?) and to the connected city (see how important borders are?).
It’s not just us keeping them apart. It’s everyone in Besźel and everyone in Ul Qoma. Every minute, every day. We’re only the last ditch: it’s everyone in the cities who does most of the work. It works because you don’t blink. That’s why unseeing and unsensing are so vital. No one can admit it doesn’t work.