LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Woman in White, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Evidence and Law
Morality, Crime, and Punishment
Identity and Appearance
Marriage and Gender
Class, Industry, and Social Place
Summary
Analysis
Count Fosco is already seated when Walter and Pesca arrive at the opera that evening. Walter watches him covertly through the first act and sees that the Count enjoys the music and draws attention to himself by nodding and singing along. At the interval, he points Count Fosco out to Pesca but Pesca does not recognize him. Walter notices that a mild looking, foreign man “with a scar on his face” is watching them and turns around to look at the Count.
Count Fosco is confident that he is not in danger and even draws attention to himself in public before he notices Walter and Pesca.
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Themes
Suddenly, Count Fosco looks down into the pit—where Walter and Pesca are seated—and meets Pesca’s gaze. Walter knows immediately that the Count recognizes Pesca and is terrified of him. The foreign man nearby also seems to notice this. Pesca is shocked by the change which comes over the Count when they see each other, but Walter distracts him by asking him to look for other people in the crowd. As soon as Pesca looks away, the Count rushes out of the theater. The foreign man in the row beside Pesca also gets up and leaves.
Pesca does not recognize Count Fosco, but the Count clearly recognizes Pesca. Pesca is Count Fosco’s foil and opposite in the novel: both men are Italian and have dubious political pasts, but Pesca is redeemed by his good nature and faithful attachment to England (which he now considers his home) while Count Fosco has not changed his ways and is proud of his criminality and contemptuous of British culture.
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Themes
Walter begs Pesca to leave with him and explains that he needs to speak to him privately. The pair return to Pesca’s house and there, Walter asks Pesca to tell him about the political reason that he left Italy. Walter is surprised when a change comes over Pesca; he looks haggard and afraid and tells Walter that he “does not know what he asks” of him. Walter reminds Pesca that he is asking for Laura’s sake. Pesca, remembering the day that Walter saved his life, agrees to tell him what he can.
Walter suspects that Pesca’s political past in Italy is darker than he expects. Although Pesca is cheerful and lively now, the reader gets the impression that he makes an effort to be this way in order to forget his past or to make amends for it. Pesca proves his loyalty to Walter and finally finds a way to fully repay Walter for saving his life.
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Themes
Pesca tells Walter that he is a member of a secret society in Italy and that he used to work for them as a young man. He has been ordered to live in England by this society and he waits for their orders; he never knows when he might be called upon by them. He explains to Walter that he must keep this a secret as, if Pesca tells anyone about the society, he will be killed. Pesca tells Walter that the society—called “The Brotherhood”—is dedicated to fighting against corrupt governments, “for the people,” all over Europe, but they are merciless towards members who betray the order.
Although Pesca is a member of an organization that commits violence, he has joined “the Brotherhood” for noble reasons—to fight against and protect people from government corruption. He takes a great personal risk by telling Walter about his secret.
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Themes
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Pesca tells Walter that members of The Brotherhood are branded with a secret mark, and he shows Walter the mark on his own arm. Pesca sees that Walter has drawn his own conclusions from this story and has guessed that Count Fosco was a member of The Brotherhood but has acted as a spy for the government and has betrayed them. Pesca confirms that he has never seen Count Fosco before but that, if Fosco is so terrified of him, then the Count must be a traitor. Pesca is drained from telling his story and begs Walter to leave him and ask no more about it. Walter promises to keep Pesca’s secret and invites him for breakfast the next day, which Pesca gratefully agrees to.
While Pesca joined the Brotherhood with noble aims, Count Fosco is a mercenary who does not have loyalty to anyone and who works for all sides. He has clearly betrayed the Brotherhood, and therefore betrayed the people they protect, but has also worked against the Italian government; hence his exile from the country. Count Fosco is afraid when he sees Pesca at the opera because he believes that the Brotherhood have tracked him down to punish him for his betrayal.