AI ToolsNew
Tools to make learning and teaching easier
Test your knowledge of Chapter 21. Submit your answers to see your results and get feedback.
According to Hobbes, how can fear and liberty coexist?
1 of 10
Fear eliminates liberty by forcing individuals to act against their will
Fear and liberty cannot coexist; one's presence necessarily excludes the other
Fear compels action, but if the action is unobstructed, the person doing it is still considered free
Liberty is only achievable in the absence of any fear, especially in political contexts
How do liberty and necessity relate according to Hobbes?
2 of 10
They are opposites, with liberty representing freedom of choice and necessity the lack of choice
They are consistent, with voluntary actions arising from both one's liberty and the chain of necessity connecting actions
Liberty always overcomes necessity, allowing for unlimited freedom of action
Necessity dictates every action, leaving no room for liberty or voluntary choice
How does Hobbes describe the power dynamic between a sovereign and its subjects?
3 of 10
As a relationship where the sovereign dominates the subjects without their input or consent
As a symbiotic relationship where power is derived from the people, making their treatment by the sovereign inherently just
As a one-way relationship where the sovereign's power is unchecked and arbitrary
As a temporary arrangement that can be revised or revoked by the subjects at any time
What does Hobbes say about the concept of liberty in past common-wealths?
4 of 10
Liberty was a privilege enjoyed only by the elite and ruling class
Liberty was more prevalent in democracies than in monarchies or aristocracies
Individual people had the freedom to resist and critique the sovereign power
The liberty past writers praised refers to the freedom of the sovereign power, not individual liberty
How do Aristotle's and Cicero's views influence modern opinions on common-wealths?
5 of 10
They promote the idea that subjects are only free in democracies, leading to a bias against monarchies
They provide an unbiased comparison of different forms of government
They argue that monarchies offer more liberty than democracies or aristocracies
They suggest that all forms of government are equally valid and offer the same level of freedom
Why do subjects of a common-wealth have the right not to incriminate themselves?
6 of 10
Because it is a privilege granted by the sovereign to maintain public order
Because self-incrimination might go against the Laws of Nature, which prioritize the preservation of life
Because the sovereign power wishes to promote a culture of honesty and transparency
Because it allows subjects more freedom to express dissent without fear of retribution
Under what condition can a subject refuse the sovereign power’s command, according to Hobbes?
7 of 10
When the command conflicts with the subject’s personal beliefs
If the refusal does not undermine the purpose for which the common-wealth was established
Whenever the subject deems the sovereign’s command unreasonable
If the command comes from a sovereign power of another common-wealth
Can a subject legally sue the sovereign according to Hobbes?
8 of 10
Yes, but only if the sovereign is acting as an individual and not under the sovereign power of the people
Yes, in all instances, since the sovereign and subject are considered separate entities
No, because any action against the sovereign is also an action against the collective power and authority of the subjects
Yes, but only in cases where the sovereign's actions are deemed unjust by an external arbitrator
According to Hobbes, under what condition does a subject's obligation to the sovereign end?
9 of 10
When the subject decides to withdraw their consent to the covenant
When the subject is taken prisoner by another power during war
After a predetermined period of time specified in the original covenant
When the common-wealth dissolves or the sovereign power ceases to provide protection
What constitutes the lawful transfer of power to an invading common-wealth, according to Hobbes?
10 of 10
The ability of the invading common-wealth to maintain control over the conquered territory for a specified period
The unanimous consent of the subjects to transfer allegiance to the invading power
The willingness of the sovereign to pass power over to the invading common-wealth
A formal treaty between the invading and the conquered common-wealths recognized by international law
