Fanon argues that wealthy people encourage anti-Semitism among the less well-off because the rich benefit from popular anti-Semitism. He turns to the example of South Africa, arguing that racism does not originate with certain groups of people, but that the entire structure of the country is racist.
Mannoni argues that colonial racism is different from other forms of racism, but Fanon rejects this, arguing that “all forms of exploitation are identical” because they all target other humans. Fanon is personally insulted by anti-Semitism because he is invested in the welfare of his “brother,” the Jewish man. He includes a quotation from
Discourse on Colonialism in which
Césaire argues that Nazism was the application of colonial violence—which had previously only been directed at non-Western people of color—to European populations.