Unlike in other novels, ghosts in The Joy Luck Club rarely represent people who have physically died. Instead, they are people who cannot speak freely or who cannot be talked about. In the novel, having an opinion means having the power of self-agency; if someone isn’t allowed to voice her opinion, then she loses any substance that makes her meaningful, and exists emptily like a ghost. For example, An-mei’s mother is called “a ghost” in “Scar,” not because she’s dead, but because she has committed a social taboo that exiles her from her family’s home. Relatives shun her opinions and remove all discussion of her, rendering her invisible. Memories of her haunt the household, but no active communication exists as if she were truly dead. Ying-ying self-identifies as a ghost following her marriage to Clifford St. Clair, knowing that she must hide her personal beliefs to protect herself in a new country. She silences herself out of fear, and her daughter Lena imagines her as a meek, unopinionated parent.