An Imaginary Life

by

David Malouf

An Imaginary Life: Chapter 4 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
Winter sets in. Even in his fifth year, Ovid is not used to the long months of enclosure. Everyone spends all day and all night silently huddled together in huts, listening to the wind. Ovid writes a little by candlelight, but it is difficult to keep the flame burning. He and others sleep often throughout the day and always feel “thick-headed,” barely awake. Ovid estimates he spends 12 to 15 hours of each day asleep. The days pass quickly and blur together, marked only by his night shift standing guard on the wall, which comes every five days.
Ovid’s depiction of winter in Tomis evokes animals hibernating for winter, sleeping in caves underground. This reiterates how the lives of people in Tomis parallel the natural world, sleeping when it sleeps and waking when it wakes. Although Ovid still does not relish the winter, he no longer seems to hate it has he did in his first years, suggesting that his hard life in Tomis has taught him to simply endure his sufferings, rather than rage against them.
Themes
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Language, Perception, and Nature Theme Icon
The Child sits staring into the gloom for hours on end, unmoving and unspeaking. He barely interacts, and Ovid fears they will lose the progress they’ve made together. When Ovid makes a bird call, the Child acts hysterical, making animal noises and trying to throw himself out the high window. Ryzak’s mother, the old woman, watches the Child at all hours and seems afraid that he truly is a beast in child form, and that his spirit will leave his current body and possess another. Indeed, Ovid senses that often the Child’s mind is not with him, but away, traveling the winter landscapes. Ovid wishes he could let the Child return to the woods, but knows that he would not survive anymore. His hardiness has left him, and he shivers against the cold like any other human being, newly “vulnerable.”
Opposite to Ovid, who finds himself strengthened by life in Tomis, the Child’s time amidst human society weakens him. Whereas suffering can strengthen a person and lead to personal growth, the Child’s newfound vulnerability suggests that comfort and protection can degrade a person and make them less durable than they once were. Ovid’s wish that he could set the Child free in the woods suggests that he finally realizes he has made a grave error and hurt the Child, rather than helping him.
Themes
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Language, Perception, and Nature Theme Icon
Quotes
The Child comes down with a bad fever and his body alternates between freezing and burning. Ovid suspects that the boy is experiencing what it means to be cold for the first time. He thinks of his lost brother and what it will feel like if the Child dies as well. The old woman refuses to help, since she believes that the fever is a result of the Child’s demon struggling to break free of his body. Lullo’s mother, the young woman, is sympathetic at first and gives the Child food and water, but the old woman convinces her that the Child’s beastly spirit might break free and occupy her own son instead, so she starts to keep her distance.
The Child experiencing cold for the first time in his life suggests that without human self-awareness of his physical body, he did not feel any particular sensation. In the case of survival, human self-awareness thus seems a weakness, rather than the mark of an advanced being. When the Child was not aware of himself, he could endure the cold, harsh winters without feeling pain.
Themes
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Despite the young woman’s fear, when Ovid cries for help in the middle of the night, the young woman helps care for the Child. Ovid has been watching him for five days straight, and his body is nearly failing in exhaustion. He begins to fall back asleep while the young woman cares for the Child during his feverish spasms. In the midst of one, while his tongue lolls, the Child involuntarily speaks his first word in the village tongue. This mark of humanity excites Ovid, but terrifies both the young woman and the old woman, who take it as a sign that the Child’s demon has “snatched away another soul” and taken the place of Lullo.
Ovid and the women’s reactions to the Child’s speech contrast with each other, reiterating the effect that one’s worldview can have on their perception. To Ovid’s skeptical mind, the stray word is merely an indication that language is taking root in the Child’s brain. However, to the women, steeped in mysticism and spiritual belief, the stray word is proof that a soul-stealing demon is in their midst.
Themes
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Language, Perception, and Nature Theme Icon
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The old woman curses Lullo’s mother for exposing him to danger, setting her into a panic. The old woman strips Lullo’s clothes off, looking for a mark where the demon entered his body. By the time Ryzak enters, within an hour, Lullo already shows signs of fever. Although Ovid would otherwise be pleased by the Child’s grasp of a human word, he realizes they are now both in grave danger. He wonders how Lullo managed to catch the same fever, and suspects that the boy’s fear somehow weakened his body, making him more susceptible to the disease.
Ovid believes that gods exist in people’s imaginations, and thus exert an influence over people’s lives whether or not they actually exist. Similarly, whether or not the demon exists, the old woman’s perception that there is a demon in their midst exerts a very real influence over the household and presents a real danger to both Ovid and the Child.
Themes
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Language, Perception, and Nature Theme Icon
Lullo’s mother accepts the old woman’s suspicion that the Child passed his illness on to Lullo, weakening his body so as to steal his spirit. The Child recovers and grows stronger while Lullo sinks further into his fever dreams, and even Ryzak becomes suspicious of the Child. Ovid fears that the suspicion will turn to violence if Ryzak’s grandson dies, first directed at the Child and then at Ovid himself when he tries to protect the boy. However, after five days, Lullo recovers, and the house is at peace for the first time in more than a week. Everyone falls asleep.
The fact that both Ryzak and his daughter-in-law, who both like Ovid, suspect that the Child did carry a demon demonstrates how prevalent superstition is among the people in Tomis. This underscores the power Ryzak’s mother wields through fear, since seemingly everyone in the village is frightened of the spiritual world.
Themes
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Language, Perception, and Nature Theme Icon
Winter nears its end and the snow begins to melt away, allowing Ovid and the Child the chance to move around a bit and sit with the animals below. In the wake of the fevers, Ryzak lost his control of the household; the old woman now reigns. She claims “her magic” saved Lullo’s life and Ryzak must agree, since he himself had no solution for the illness. Ovid senses that the old woman has long craved this opportunity to usurp her son, to take control away from him.
Ryzak submits to his mother’s “magic” since he was unable to cure Lullo’s fever. This suggests that the old woman’s mysticism is particularly potent since it provides answers to problems that sheer willpower cannot solve. However, the old woman’s move for power suggests that this mysticism is as much a  weapon as a true conviction.
Themes
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Language, Perception, and Nature Theme Icon
The old woman orders Ryzak to catch a wild puppy for her to sacrifice at the next full moon. She keeps it in the house for 10 days, next to the Child. The boy finds its fearful whimpering torturous and Ovid suspects the old woman intended to hurt the him, as if this is somehow the start of her “exorcism of the Child.” The Child grows more restless each day, but Ovid does not know if this is due to the puppy, the coming full moon, or the Child’s sense of his own captivity.
The old woman overpowers Ryzak and then intentionally tortures the Child with the puppy’s whimpering. Such behavior establishes her as a truly malicious figure and the novel’s sole antagonist. Where the raiders from the north seem impersonal, like another force of nature, the old woman’s actions are personal and villainous.
Themes
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On the night of the full moon, the old woman leads all of the village women out to their special clearing, where men are not permitted, to perform the “offices of the moon,” the embodiment of “women’s power.” Ryzak, sitting with Ovid in the village, seems ill at ease while they are gone. Even after the women return, the Child does not sleep all night. Ovid thinks the air feels strange.
The village women’s participation in the “offices of the moon” suggests that they, too, wield mystical power over men. Although the men have the formal authority and physical strength, women still rule through fear.
Themes
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In the morning, Ovid hears raspy breathing. Ryzak fell ill during the night and appears gray. Animal-like growls rise from his throat. The old woman checks under his clothes and finds what she was looking for: small teeth marks on his wrist, where the beast’s spirit entered Ryzak’s body. She shrieks, realizing that her ritual of the night before failed, and “wail[s] for the dead.”
Although everything surrounding the fevers appeared as superstition thus far, the teeth marks on Ryzak’s wrist are real. This either indicates that the Child’s demon is real, or that the old woman made the bite marks on Ryzak’s wrist to increase her power and usurp him.
Themes
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Ryzak’s mouth foams, and his limbs spasm and contort. Even to Ovid it seems like an animal is taking over Ryzak’s form. The shaman arrives but immediately flees, claiming that Ryzak is too far gone. The old woman declares that the Child’s demon has finally left him to take another soul. After five days, Ryzak does not die, but lays still in a coma. Everyone in the hut, even Ovid, sits motionless and terrified, looking for indicators that the demon is moving around the room. The Child holds tight to Ovid.
As with the teeth marks, Ryzak’s terrible illness is very real. Although the narrative leaves the issue shrouded in mystery, the two possible explanations of Ryzak’s illness are that the demon is real, or that Ryzak’s own mother both bit his wrist and somehow poisoned him in order to increase the village’s superstition and usurp Ryzak’s authority.
Themes
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Ovid recalls that the rest of the day feels like a dream. He and the Child leave the house and hide in their small summer hut. The village women enter in their place and perform a ritual by burning mind-altering herbs and striking stones against each other, making noise to distract the demons while Ryzak dies. The elders enter and beat Ryzak to death, so that his spirit will be stirred to violence and rise, too fearsome for other dark spirits to try to claim it.
The elders’ belief that Ryzak must be beat to death demonstrates how deep the villagers’ mystical beliefs are. Although the villagers accept the world rather than philosophize or analyze it like Romans do, their belief in nature’s power is still shrouded with mysticism.
Themes
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Language, Perception, and Nature Theme Icon
When Ryzak dies, the ritual ceases, replaced by the long moaning of Ryzak’s mother and daughter-in-law. The village elders spend the next hours dancing and drinking themselves into a stupor to distract the demons, while the women prepare Ryzak’s body for burial. In the midst of all of this, Ovid realizes he and the Child must flee—Ryzak was their only protection in the village, and now he is gone.
Although Ovid grew to appreciate his life in Tomis, the sudden threat he feels from the other villagers suggests that he remains an outsider, someone whom the others may quickly turn on as a scapegoat for their problems. Ovid’s flight from Tomis represents his second exile.
Themes
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Ovid wakes the Child and takes him away from Tomis, heading toward the river. When they pass the marshes, the Child joyfully thinks they are returning to their lessons. When Ovid sternly leads him on, the child senses the gravity of his mood. Ovid hopes to cross the frozen river, two or three days ahead of them, and flee into the north. He thinks of all his dreams of crossing the river to dig his own grave, or to meet the gods in the form of horsemen. Ovid is going into the “unknown,” into the “clear path of my fate.” He feels it’s fitting that life should be a “continual series of beginnings,” since death is no more than the “refusal to […] grow and suffer change.”
Ovid’s response to his second exile greatly differs from his first, demonstrating the extent of his personal transformation.  Where his first exile from Rome felt like a crushing blow, Ovid treats this new exile and suffering as yet another opportunity to develop and extend himself. His reflection that death is the “refusal” to grow suggests that suffering and growth are essential to life. Additionally, Ovid regards this exodus into the wilderness as the fulfillment of his ultimate destiny, rather than a tragic disruption of his life and career.
Themes
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Childhood, Fate, and Identity Theme Icon
Quotes
Ovid and the Child make their way to the River Ister, which Ovid has always somehow considered to be the “final boundary” between him and his “true life.” He finds it strange that his easy childhood and “metropolitan” adulthood should lead to this crossing into the unknown. Ovid and the Child reach the frozen river while it is dark and set across. Halfway, they can see neither the shore behind them nor the shore in front of them, and Ovid imagines that the far side of the river may not actually exist, that all beyond it is only an illusion. However, they manage to reach the other side of the River Ister, and Ovid feels they are stepping into a new world.
As Ovid notes, the River Ister represents the boundary between one state of being and another. Particularly, the Ister here represents the painful transition from a known world into an unknown world. The river thus symbolizes suffering necessary for personal growth. Ovid’s feeling, midway across the river, that nothing exists at either shore implies that in the midst of suffering, one cannot always see the good that will come of it. Regardless, one must carry on until one emerge from the struggle.
Themes
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Childhood, Fate, and Identity Theme Icon