East of Eden

by

John Steinbeck

East of Eden: Paradox 1 key example

Definition of Paradox
A paradox is a figure of speech that seems to contradict itself, but which, upon further examination, contains some kernel of truth or reason. Oscar Wilde's famous declaration that "Life is... read full definition
A paradox is a figure of speech that seems to contradict itself, but which, upon further examination, contains some kernel of truth or reason. Oscar... read full definition
A paradox is a figure of speech that seems to contradict itself, but which, upon further examination, contains some kernel... read full definition
Chapter 2
Explanation and Analysis—Liza's Morals:

In the following passage from Chapter 2, Steinbeck uses personification to elucidate the paradoxical nature of Liza Hamilton's religious and moral beliefs:

[Liza Hamilton] had a dour Presbyterian mind and a code of morals that pinned down and beat the brains out of nearly everything that was pleasant to do.

In this excerpt, Steinbeck personifies Liza's moral code, stating that these ideas would "pin down" and "beat the brains out of" any shred of personal enjoyment or satisfaction. Paradoxically, this bit of figurative language conflates morality and violence, which one might traditionally assume are opposing concepts. This line forms a connection between religious moral codes and the violent acts they often inspire. This violence takes multiple forms: on a large scale, major Christian religious institutions in Europe were key actors in encouraging and justifying imperialism. On the level of Liza Hamilton, however, this violence is less exploitative and more about simple enforcement. Liza ascribes to the moral rules in the Bible that must be enforced, and violence is the easiest way to enforce them.

Violence aside, the object of Liza's opposition includes "everything that was pleasant to do." This antagonistic relationship with pleasure is a key aspect of Liza's character, influencing how she raises her children.