Nineteen Minutes

by

Jodi Picoult

Nineteen Minutes: Part 1, Chapter 6: Six Years Before Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
The anonymous writer of the handwritten notes argues that misfits develop supernatural abilities to perceive other people staring at and talking about them. They can barely remember what it was like to be “normal.”  
What the writer frames as “supernatural abilities” seems more like an excessive and paralyzing form of self-consciousness.
Themes
Victims vs. Perpetrators Theme Icon
Lost Innocence Theme Icon
Appearances vs. Reality Theme Icon
On the first day of middle school, Lacy gave Peter a Superman binder, something that would have been cool three years earlier but now “doomed” him to being a social outcast. Josie, whom Peter never sees outside of school but is still his best friend in school, saves Peter by making a cover of duct tape for the binder, which he can take off when he is at home. At lunch, Drew pushes Peter, calling him a retard and making him drop his tray. A teacher weakly intervenes, but all the other kids are already laughing. 
Both the adults mentioned in this story make an effort to make Peter’s life better, but neither of them actually help him. Indeed, in both cases they arguably only make the situation worse. This reiterates the idea that adults tend to be ill-equipped at solving the problem of bullying.
Themes
Victims vs. Perpetrators Theme Icon
Expectations and the Failures of Family Theme Icon
Lost Innocence Theme Icon
Appearances vs. Reality Theme Icon
In court, Alex finds herself face-to-face with a defendant barely older than Josie. The girl has been charged with receiving stolen property, a $500 necklace from her boyfriend. Alex reads her her rights, but the girl remains confused. Observing the evidence, Alex says that it’s obvious the girl knew the necklace was stolen, and that she will accept a guilty plea. Still confused and visibly upset, the girl says, “I did it.” Meanwhile, in class, Josie receives a note from Peter joking about hating math. Josie smiles, even though she actually enjoys math. Josie’s perfect grades mean that she can’t be accepted among the popular crowd, although she knows that she is not exactly unpopular, either.
One question the novel raises is how much lenience should be granted to young people who commit wrongdoing. Many people argue that—because the brain keeps developing until well into a person’s 20s—children and teenagers should not be judged in the same way as adults, because they have not yet developed the skills to make good decisions.
Themes
Victims vs. Perpetrators Theme Icon
Vengeance vs. Justice Theme Icon
Lost Innocence Theme Icon
Appearances vs. Reality Theme Icon
Suddenly, Josie’s teacher starts crying and tells the class, “Something terrible has happened.” All the students are brought into the media center, where the principal informs them about a terrorist attack on the Pentagon and the World Trade Center. They all watch the news coverage on television. Horrified, Josie nudges Peter and points out that there are people jumping from the tower. When the building collapses, Peter feels a strange sort of relief.
9/11 is one of the few historical events directly mentioned in the novel. Although not explicitly linked to the narrative and the issue of school shootings, there are actually important points of connection. 9/11 brought increased fears of foreign terrorists while also increasing anxiety about violence taking place on U.S. soil.
Themes
Victims vs. Perpetrators Theme Icon
Vengeance vs. Justice Theme Icon
Lost Innocence Theme Icon
Get the entire Nineteen Minutes LitChart as a printable PDF.
Nineteen Minutes PDF
Lacy and Alex find each other outside the middle school, where they have both come to pick up their kids. When Alex finds Josie, she realizes that she has to pretend to have knowledge and control over the situation, even though in reality she is terrified. When she sees Peter, she is shocked by how tall he has become. Peter plays soccer on the middle school team—which allows anyone to participate—even though he hates it. He particularly dreads getting changed into his soccer clothes, and the other kids routinely use this as an opportunity to taunt him and give him wedgies.
Although it is of course a much larger-scale event, 9/11 foreshadows Peter’s school shooting—including the scene of worried parents arriving to pick up their children from school, and the pressure on adults to seem confident and in control when they are in fact bewildered and terrified. Also like 9/11, the shooting is an act of violent revenge in which innocent people lose their lives.
Themes
Victims vs. Perpetrators Theme Icon
Vengeance vs. Justice Theme Icon
Expectations and the Failures of Family Theme Icon
Lost Innocence Theme Icon
Appearances vs. Reality Theme Icon
On one particular day after soccer practice, Matt is in the shower and angrily tells Peter to stop looking at his penis, while Drew calls him a “fag.” Peter replies that he can’t see anything, which Drew uses as an opportunity to tease Matt for having a small penis, although Peter quickly explains it’s because he’s not wearing his glasses. However, Matt still strangles Peter and throws his towel under the running water. Peter starts crying and thinks about the possibility that he is really gay. He doesn’t have any particular feelings about men or women, but he knows that “you couldn’t be neither” gay nor straight. 
The details of the manner in which Peter is bullied illustrate how much bullying revolves around issues of gender and sexuality. For Drew and Matt, it is important to perform a hypermasculine, heterosexual ideal. This includes being strong, athletic, aggressive, and having a big penis. Their accusations that Peter is a “fag” and the way they single him out for being weak could reflect their own anxieties about the pressures of masculinity.
Themes
Victims vs. Perpetrators Theme Icon
Vengeance vs. Justice Theme Icon
Lost Innocence Theme Icon
Appearances vs. Reality Theme Icon
Lacy hears the screams of her patient, a 21-year-old mentally disabled orphan named Kelly who became pregnant after being gang raped. Rushing into Kelly’s room, Lacy is horrified to discover that the doctor has chosen to induce her labor. She fights with the doctor, arguing that this was the wrong decision, then tells him to get Kelly an epidural. Although the doctor says this is not safe, he eventually agrees to do so. Lacy tries to calm Kelly down.
As a nurse, Lacy has less authority than doctors in making decisions about patients (there is also arguably a gendered dynamic involved in her interaction with the doctor here). Yet as this passage shows, Lacy’s lower status belies the reality that she knows what’s best for her patient.
Themes
Victims vs. Perpetrators Theme Icon
Lost Innocence Theme Icon
It is Josie’s 12th birthday and, against her wishes, Alex is taking her out for dinner. Josie doesn’t want to spend the evening around people fawning over Alex, who is “a celebrity in the town of Sterling,” but she doesn’t have a choice. At the restaurant, the chef sends them complimentary caviar, and after Josie complains that this is disgusting, Alex scolds her, noting that Josie must help her preserve her reputation. As Josie has grown up to look more and more dissimilar from Alex, she has found herself wondering about what her father is like. Josie doesn’t have many friends, and she knows that she is shunned by the other girls in her grade because she is always defending Peter from bullies.
While Josie is overall a well-behaved girl and hard-working student, she rebels against Alex because she resents the demand that she help preserve Alex’s public reputation. Yet the reader already knows that when Josie grows up, she has a similar (arguably even more intense) fixation on how she is perceived by others. This indicates that people cannot help following in their parents’ footsteps, even when they actively don’t want to do so.
Themes
Victims vs. Perpetrators Theme Icon
Vengeance vs. Justice Theme Icon
Expectations and the Failures of Family Theme Icon
Lost Innocence Theme Icon
Appearances vs. Reality Theme Icon
Derek Markowitz tells Peter that his mother forces him to play soccer because she is a nutritionist who’s “nuts about fitness.” At home, Peter lies and tells his parents that soccer practice is going well so they will believe that he is a successful athlete like Joey. Yet as Peter and Derek become friends, Peter finds himself almost looking forward to practice just so they can hang out. One day, Lacy comes to practice—which in itself is humiliating enough—and asks the coach why he never plays Peter. Peter begs her to stop, but Lacy continues. Afterward, the other players laugh and call Peter “Mama’s boy” and “homo.” In the locker room, Derek tells a joke to make Peter feel better.
Considering that later in life Josie becomes popular while Peter remains socially ostracized, it is intriguing that he is the first of them to make a friend outside of their duo. This is important, as the fact that Peter is socially ostracized and bullied seems to be the reason he commits the school shooting. Yet as the reader sees here, he does have friends, leading to the question of whether friends are enough to mitigate the trauma of bullying. 
Themes
Victims vs. Perpetrators Theme Icon
Vengeance vs. Justice Theme Icon
Expectations and the Failures of Family Theme Icon
Appearances vs. Reality Theme Icon
Courtney Ignatio is what Josie calls a “spaghetti-strap girl”; she is the first kid in seventh grade to have a cell phone. To Josie’s irritation, the two of them are paired up in social studies, and Courtney invites Josie to her house to work on their project together. Josie is stunned by Courtney’s elaborately-decorated room. Courtney explains that her mom is an interior decorator and thinks that this room is a teenage girl’s fantasy, although Courtney herself doesn’t really like it. Fascinated by Courtney’s makeup, Josie tries on some lipstick. Catching this, Courtney first seems annoyed, but then smiles and says it suits Josie.
Although Josie understandably doesn’t realize it at the time, this is evidently a turning point in her life—the moment when her transition from isolated and unpopular to social elite begins. The non-chronological nature of the narrative gives the reader many insights into turning points in the novel that the characters can’t see themselves. This helps the reader piece together how the shooting actually became possible.
Themes
Victims vs. Perpetrators Theme Icon
Expectations and the Failures of Family Theme Icon
Lost Innocence Theme Icon
Appearances vs. Reality Theme Icon
Joey is more popular, charismatic, talented, and academically successful than Peter. In Peter’s eyes, Joey’s only weakness is that he faints at the sight of blood. For this reason, Lewis and Peter go hunting alone. It snowed the night before, which is perfect for deer hunting. When Peter attempts to shoot the deer, he misses, but Lewis gets it instead. As soon as he sees the animal go down, Peter vomits. He feels crushed by his own disappointment, even as Lewis says they will have better luck next time.
The innocuous fact that Joey, like many people, is afraid of the sight of blood is actually more significant than it seems, as it illuminates the reality that most people have a natural aversion to violence. This in turn raises the question of why some people find violence naturally abhorrent and others can commit it with seeming ease.
Themes
Expectations and the Failures of Family Theme Icon
Lost Innocence Theme Icon
Appearances vs. Reality Theme Icon
Dolores Keating is a decidedly ordinary girl who transferred into Peter’s middle school that year and sits in front of him in French. One day, Peter notices a pool of blood on her seat, and in shock he exclaims, “Dolores has her period!” Everyone turns to look. Peter remarks, “Keating’s bleeding,” and the rest of the class repeats it, turning it into a chant. Peter is thrilled by the novel feeling of acceptance and belonging. At lunch, Drew even asks Peter what happened. Dolores stays out of school for a while, but when she comes back the other student take turns handing her tampons. When Dolores starts crying, Peter tells them to stop; the other students simply push him away. Josie also hands Dolores a tampon and goes to stand next to Matt after doing so.
This passage is key. It highlights how people do not always commit acts of bullying due to malicious intent. Instead, bullying can happen almost by accident, or—as is probably true in the vast majority of cases—due to a desire to be accepted by others. Indeed, in the vicious social environment of Peter and Josie’s school, it seems as if there is only one choice facing students—bully or be bullied.
Themes
Victims vs. Perpetrators Theme Icon
Lost Innocence Theme Icon
Appearances vs. Reality Theme Icon
One day, after waiting for Josie to walk away from “Courtney & Co.,” Peter approaches her, giving her a fright. He accuses her of being fake in front of her new friends, to which Josie replies, “There’s different kinds of real.” She then tells Peter that she can’t hang out with him and walks away from him forever.
Josie’s statement that “there’s different kinds of real” could be interpreted as an excuse for her own lack of moral courage, or it could be seen as containing surprising wisdom. Perhaps authenticity is an illusion.
Themes
Victims vs. Perpetrators Theme Icon
Lost Innocence Theme Icon
Appearances vs. Reality Theme Icon