Piranesi

by

Susanna Clarke

Themes and Colors
Human vs. Inhuman Worlds Theme Icon
Science and the Pursuit of Knowledge Theme Icon
Memory and Identity Theme Icon
Friendship, Betrayal, and Loyalty Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Piranesi, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Memory and Identity Theme Icon

Piranesi explores the intersection of memory and identity. At the start of the novel, Piranesi has a well-defined sense of identity. Though some mystery surrounds his name—it was given to him by the Other, but he knows it was not originally his—he does not question who he is or what his purpose is. A so-called  “Beloved Child of the House,” he sees it as his mission in life to explore the House and record and revel in its many mysteries. As far as he knows, this has always been his existence and always will be. However, as Piranesi becomes aware of strange gaps in his memory, he begins to question his identity—both in the past and the present. As such, his journal, historically a bastion of his identity and purpose, suddenly becomes a source of uncertainty. In it are journal entries he does not remember writing, people he cannot recall, unfamiliar words, and even missing pages. 

In time, Piranesi unravels the mystery of his past: the victim of amnesia, Piranesi was once known as Matthew Rose Sorensen. This revelation shakes him to his core, undermining his sense of identity. While he does not remember his past life as Matthew, neither can he fully sever his ties to it; Matthew Sorensen still lives inside him, occasionally revealing himself in small ways. Because of this, Piranesi is forced to balance his past and present selves, being neither fully one nor the other. Though few experience such a radical split of identity, Piranesi’s struggle is nevertheless a relatable one, serving as a metaphor for the constant struggle to balance who a person is with who they used to be. Ultimately, Piranesi’s comfort in the real world as Matthew Sorensen, and his ability to continue to visit the House despite residing in the real world, suggests that this balance is indeed possible if a person is able to use their memories to inform their present.

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Memory and Identity ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Memory and Identity appears in each part of Piranesi. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
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Memory and Identity Quotes in Piranesi

Below you will find the important quotes in Piranesi related to the theme of Memory and Identity.
Part 1 Quotes

The Other organizes his time meticulously and never permits our meeting to last longer than one hour. If he requires my presence at other times, he calls out ‘Piranesi!’ until I come. Piranesi. It is what he calls me. Which is strange because as far as I remember it is not my name.

Related Characters: Piranesi/Matthew Rose Sorensen (speaker), The Other/Dr. Valentine Ketterley
Related Symbols: The House
Page Number: 9
Explanation and Analysis:

In accordance with the first system, I have named two years 2011 and 2012. This system strikes me as deeply pedestrian. Also I cannot remember what happened two thousand years ago which made me think that years a good starting point. According to the second system I have given the years names like ‘The Year I named the Constellations’ and ‘The Year I counted and named the Dead.’ I like this much more. It gives each year a character of its own. This is the system I shall use going forward.

Related Characters: Piranesi/Matthew Rose Sorensen (speaker)
Related Symbols: The House
Page Number: 25
Explanation and Analysis:

Do trees exist? Many things are unknown. Once—it was about six or seven months ago—I saw a bright yellow speck floating on a gentle Tide beneath the Fourth Western Hall. Not understanding what it could be, I waded out into the Waters and caught it. It was a leaf, very beautiful, with two sides curving to a point at each end. Of course it is possible that it was part of a type of sea vegetation that I have never seen, but I am doubtful. The texture seemed wrong. Its surface repelled Water, like something meant to live in Air.

Related Characters: Piranesi/Matthew Rose Sorensen (speaker)
Related Symbols: The House
Page Number: 17
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 2 Quotes

I saw a black scribble against a grey Sky and a flicker of bright red; words drifted towards me – white words on a black background. At the same time, there was a sudden blare of noise and a metallic taste on my tongue. And all of the images – no more than fragments or ghosts of images really — seemed to coalesce around the strange world, ‘Batter-Sea.’ I tried to get a hold of them, to bring them into sharper focus, but like a dream they faded and were gone.

Related Characters: Piranesi/Matthew Rose Sorensen (speaker), The Other/Dr. Valentine Ketterley
Related Symbols: The House
Page Number: 26
Explanation and Analysis:

So this, as far as I can tell, is what the birds told me. A message from Afar. Obscure Writing. Innocence eroded. Interesting. I will allow some time to elapse—say a few months—and then I will examine this communication again to see if the intervening events can shed any light upon it (and vice versa).

Related Characters: Piranesi/Matthew Rose Sorensen (speaker), The Other/Dr. Valentine Ketterley , 16/Raphael
Related Symbols: The House , The Great and Secret Knowledge
Page Number: 43
Explanation and Analysis:

That being said, it occurs to me to wonder why it is that the House gives a greater variety of objects to the Other than to me, providing him with sleeping bags, shoes, plastic bowls, cheese sandwiches, notebooks, slices of Christmas cake, etc. , etc., whereas me it mostly gives fish. I think perhaps it is because the Other is not as skilled in taking care of himself as I am. He does not know how to fish.

Related Characters: Piranesi/Matthew Rose Sorensen (speaker), The Other/Dr. Valentine Ketterley
Related Symbols: The House
Page Number: 54
Explanation and Analysis:

Two memories. Two bright minds which remember past events differently. It is an awkward situation. There exists no third person to say which of us is correct. (If only the Sixteenth Person were here).

Related Characters: Piranesi/Matthew Rose Sorensen (speaker), The Other/Dr. Valentine Ketterley
Related Symbols: The House , The Great and Secret Knowledge
Page Number: 71
Explanation and Analysis:

“You said you met 16. But you also said 16 does not know the way here. Meaning that you must have met him in his own Hall or, at any rate, in some Remote Region. This surprises me because I do not believe you have undertaken any long journeys since I have known you.” I smiled at the Other, awaiting his answer, which I fully expected would be very interesting.

Related Characters: Piranesi/Matthew Rose Sorensen (speaker), The Other/Dr. Valentine Ketterley , 16/Raphael
Related Symbols: The House
Page Number: 76
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 3 Quotes

I stopped reading and stood up, breathing hard. I had a strong urge to fling the Journal away from me. The words on the page—(in my own writing!)—looked like words, but at the same time I knew they were meaningless. It was nonsense, gibberish! What meaning could words such as ‘Birmingham’ and ‘Perugia’ possibly have? None. There is nothing in the World that corresponds to them. The Other was right after all. I had forgotten many things!

Related Characters: Piranesi/Matthew Rose Sorensen (speaker), The Other/Dr. Valentine Ketterley , Dr. Laurence Arne-Sayles/the Prophet , Stanley Ovenden
Related Symbols: The House
Page Number: 108
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 4 Quotes

I forget. I forget. Yesterday I could not think of the word for lamp-post. This morning I thought that one of the statues spoke to me. I passed some time (about half an hour I think) talking to it. I am LOSING MY MIND. How horrible, how terrible to be in this dreadful place and MAD. I am DETERMINED TO KILL him before this happens. Before I forget why I HATE HIM.

Related Characters: Piranesi/Matthew Rose Sorensen (speaker), The Other/Dr. Valentine Ketterley
Related Symbols: The House
Page Number: 127
Explanation and Analysis:

Are you Matthew Rose Sorensen?

I am… I stuttered. I am…

At first I could get no further than this.

I am… I am the Beloved Child of the House.

Yes.

Related Characters: Piranesi/Matthew Rose Sorensen (speaker), The Other/Dr. Valentine Ketterley , 16/Raphael
Related Symbols: The House
Page Number: 162
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 6 Quotes

My last thought before I fell asleep was: He is dead. My only friend. My only enemy.

Related Characters: Piranesi/Matthew Rose Sorensen (speaker), The Other/Dr. Valentine Ketterley
Related Symbols: The House
Page Number: 216
Explanation and Analysis:

This annoyed me. ‘I do not see why you say I can only see a representation in this World,’ I said with some sharpness. ‘The word “only” suggests a relationship of inferiority. You make it sounds as if the Statue was somehow inferior to the thing itself. I do not see that that is the case at all. I would argue that the Statue is superior to the thing itself, the statue being perfect, eternal, and not subject to decay.’

Related Characters: Piranesi/Matthew Rose Sorensen (speaker), 16/Raphael , Dr. Laurence Arne-Sayles/the Prophet
Related Symbols: The House
Page Number: 222
Explanation and Analysis: