Ma Shouying is Winston Ma’s father and Mimi Ma’s grandfather, though she never meets him. A Chinese Muslim living in Shanghai, Shouying becomes a wealthy and powerful man through the silk business. He is also an art scholar, calligrapher, and has three wives. He gives Winston (then Sih Hsuin) the three jade rings and the arhat scroll to take with him to the U.S., knowing that soon the Communists will take over China. It’s implied that Shouying is placed in a prison camp for years but is later released.