The Plague of Doves

by

Louise Erdrich

The Plague of Doves: 16. The Reptile Garden Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
In 1972, Evelina’s parents drop her off at college. When they say goodbye, Evelina is struck by the ferocity of the love in her mother and father’s eyes; later, Evelina will think that her parents’ love and wisdom is the thing that allowed her to “survive” this period in her life. Though Evelina has long dreamed of going to Paris, even being a few hours from home makes her feel lonely. She doesn’t think that she fits in with either her White or her Indian classmates, and she fears that Mooshum will die while she is gone.  
In Evelina’s youth, the real Corwin could never live up to her fantasy version of him. Now, young adult Evelina struggles with the same disappointment, as college—which she imagined as exotic and thrilling—instead feels lonely and isolating, severing Evelina from her family and the tight-knit world of Pluto.
Themes
Ancestry, History, and Interconnection Theme Icon
Passion vs. Love Theme Icon
Instead of making friends, Evelina becomes obsessed with books. Her favorite author is Anaïs Nin. Evelina checks out all of “Anaïs’s” books from the library. Evelina does her best to model herself off of Anaïs, writing letters and keeping diaries—though Evelina cannot help but notice the gap between Anaïs’s fancy life, filled with servants and leisure, and Evelina’s own chores, her summer job at the 4-B’s.
Nin was a famous French writer, known for her diaristic essays, her erotica, and her affairs with other prominent literary figures. Nin was also famously sexually curious about women, a fact that—like the childhood obsession with Sister Mary Anita Buckendorf—helps foreshadow Evelina’s own queerness. 
Themes
Passion vs. Love Theme Icon
One day, Corwin visits Evelina and gives her a tab of acid to take. The acid throws Evelina into a tailspin:  she locks herself in her room and hallucinates snakes, lizards, and all kinds of deadly reptiles. It takes a week for Evelina to shed these hallucinations, and even after she re-enters the world, she is plagued by scary daydreams and breaks in reality. Finally, Evelina decides that she should work in a mental hospital, so she gets a job as a psychiatric aide for one semester.
By this point, Evelina has already heard Father Cassidy compare salamanders to the devil, and she also knows that Marn Wolde murdered her husband Billy with snake venom. No wonder, then, that reptiles—already a symbol of unknown terror in the novel—fill Evelina’s scariest hallucinations.
Themes
Faith, Music, and Meaning Theme Icon
When Evelina arrives at the psychiatric ward, her first task involves giving pills to an old patient named Warren, who is from Pluto and “probably related to Marn Wolde.” Warren walks in circles constantly, telling the other patients that he will “slaughter them all.” The other patients seem unconcerned by this, scoffing at Warren to “shut up.”
Several years have elapsed since Marn and her family first sent Warren to the psychiatric ward, and his condition has clearly declined in the interim. Warren’s threat that he will “slaughter” his fellow patients recalls his frequent assertions to Marn that she was going to “kill,” once more suggesting that Warren knows so much about murder because he himself might have committed it.
Themes
Ancestry, History, and Interconnection Theme Icon
Punishment vs. Justice Theme Icon
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Evelina’s life at the ward becomes routine. Every morning, she journals before starting her rounds. Then, she gets the tasteless food from the hospital cafeteria. Eventually, Evelina realizes that all of her journal entries have started to be about food, so she tries to make them more interesting by writing in French. Evelina quickly gets to know the patients’ delusions and patterns (“the places their records had scratched”).
Fascinatingly, Evelina now begins to view mental illness as an inability to move forward through history. Whereas some people are able to transition from one chapter of their lives into the next, others get stuck in one memory, just like a “scratched” record, doomed to repeat itself.
Themes
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One day, a new patient named Nonette arrives at the ward. Nonette is blonde, with angry eyes and bright red lips, and she is about Evelina’s age. Right away, Evelina feels a "heat” coming off of this strange girl, and she wonders if Nonette is a French name. Nonette treats Evelina like a bellhop, demanding that Evelina carry her bags to her room. When Nonette calls Evelina a “bitch,” Evelina responds by calling Nonette a “bidet” (a word she has picked up from her new French dictionary).
Right away, Nonette appears to embody the ease and exotic appeal Evelina associates with Anaïs Nin (and all things vaguely French). Tellingly, however, Nonette is not actually French, suggesting that some of Evelina’s Francophile tendencies are less about the European country and more about some internalized prejudice (as Evelina appears to accord special appeal to Nonette because of her friend’s Whiteness).
Themes
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Faith, Music, and Meaning Theme Icon
The next day, Nonette grabs Evelina’s arm as if they are best friends. Nonette tells Evelina about how “really, truly sick” she feels she is. Nonette reveals that she was molested by her cousin, who was a Boy Scout. Nonette then declares that she wants a sex change operation, or to be free of gender entirely. When Evelina tells Nonette she is “really beautiful,” Nonette looks away. “You’re an Indian or something,” Nonette observes. “That’s pretty cool.”
Just as Evelina exoticizes Nonette for being potentially French, Nonette treats Evelina’s indigenous background as a “cool” curiosity—and even as the two young women stereotype each other, they also seem to have a mutual admiration. Nonette’s desire to have a sex change speaks to the latent queer desire in this new friendship, as does Evelina’s comment on Nonette’s “beauty.”
Themes
Land, Ownership, and Dispossession  Theme Icon
Passion vs. Love Theme Icon
In the same week, Warren escapes from the hospital, though he is quickly brought back by a policeman. As he often does, Warren tries to give Evelina money, a handful of neatly folded dollar bills from his pocket. Evelina refuses, instead asking Warren about the voices he hears in his head. “Please,” Warren begs. “I did it because they told me.” Evelina notices Warren “taking apart some invisible thing in his lap.”
Warren’s strangely folded dollar bills will eventually become an essential key to the story’s arc, even if now they just seem like another one of his many oddities. Similarly, Warren’s repeated “taking apart” action (performed on an invisible object) recalls the opening moments of the novel’s prologue, the first hint at the role Warren will ultimately end up playing in the novel’s climax.
Themes
Ancestry, History, and Interconnection Theme Icon
Punishment vs. Justice Theme Icon
A month later, Nonette has told the story about her Boy Scout cousin to every aide in the ward. One day, Nonette leans in and kisses Evelina. Evelina panics—after all, Nonette is a patient, and they are both women. Evelina hadn’t believed that “women could kiss women anywhere but in Paris,” and for such a thing to happen in North Dakota fills her with “tender surprise.”
In discovering her own “tender” feelings for Nonette, Evelina begins to understand that some of her fascination with dramatic Paris and “deathless” romance has been a way of making sense of her own queer desire, not widely accepted or even acknowledged in her midcentury Midwest life.
Themes
Passion vs. Love Theme Icon
Evelina feels that none of the stories of “deathless romance” in her family have prepared her for this. To ward off thoughts of Nonette, Evelina starts eating obsessively, hoping to keep her mind occupied. But eventually, Nonette catches Evelina in the hallway when no one else is around. Thinking that Nonette looks as “beautiful as someone in a foreign movie,” Evelina gives in, and the two of them head into the ward’s boiler room. They kiss, and Evelina thinks that “when I touch her I know what she is feeling just as she knows when touching me.”
Even after learning of Nonette’s fundamentally American roots, Evelina cannot stop projecting foreignness onto her new friend. Part of the appeal of Nonette, then, is this contradiction: Evelina feels able to “know what [Nonette] is feeling” even as her friend seems so exotic and far-away, as if by sleeping with Nonette, Evelina could also somehow become the French fantasy she has harbored for so long.
Themes
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Passion vs. Love Theme Icon
Evelina arranges a “patient visit” with Nonette, and they bake molasses cookies together. Then Evelina brings Nonette back to her room, where they have sex. Privately, Evelina wonders what is going to happen to them. When Nonette says goodnight, Evelina notices that now, Nonette looks calmer, healthier—like “a girl in a ski commercial” or a “scary cheerleader.”
Whereas Evelina is investing herself in this relationship (and taking a real professional risk by doing so), Nonette seems to have a more extractive approach, using Evelina to return to a feeling of health and normalcy. The comparisons Evelina now uses to describe Nonette once again emphasizes the latter’s stereotypical Whiteness, as Nonette has access to a stereotype of Americana that Evelina feels ostracized from.
Themes
Land, Ownership, and Dispossession  Theme Icon
Passion vs. Love Theme Icon
One morning, Nonette announces that she is going home; her parents think she is cured. Evelina collapses, feeling as if she were nothing but a “symptom” of Nonette’s disease. Evelina calls out of work for the next several days. She flashes back to her terrible acid trip, when all she could see were reptiles. Eventually, the head of the ward announces that they are moving Evelina into the patient dorms. “Which is how I end up in Nonette’s bed after all,” Evelina reflects.
In a poignantly ironic twist, Evelina—so desperate to feel the intensity and passion that seems to govern Nonette’s life—really does turn into her friend in some ways, even taking over Nonette’s old room in the mental hospital. Evelina is thus at last confronted with a truly “deathless” romantic ordeal, only to find that such an experience is far more painful (and far less picturesque) than she had imagined it to be.
Themes
Passion vs. Love Theme Icon
Evelina tells her mother that she has checked herself in voluntarily, that all she needs is some rest before going back to school. Evelina stops reading Anaïs Nin (“she cannot help me here”); instead, she lies in bed and thinks about Nonette. When Warren talks about all the people he is going to slaughter, Evelina tells him to “shut up.” Joseph visits, and Evelina tells him about the reptiles in her hallucinations and asks him to help her identify them. Joseph holds Evelina’s hand, but his sympathy only makes Evelina sadder. 
For the first time since her childhood, Evelina tries to distance herself from her dramatic fantasies rather than indulging in them fully (as evidenced by her refusal to keep reading Nin’s work). Just as snakes are a source of both terror and comfort for Marn, Evelina now finds some measure of calm and connection in talking about the imaginary reptiles with Joseph.
Themes
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Evelina’s parents come down every weekend, which makes Evelina reflect how lucky she is to be the product of such a loving marriage. “History works itself out in the living,” Evelina thinks; she pictures the Buckendorfs, the Wildstrands, and the Peace family, still impacted by the hanging all these years later. “Now that some of us have mixed in the spring of our existence both guilt and victim,” Evelina muses, “there is no unraveling the rope.” At night, when Evelina can’t sleep, she hears the fluttering of dove wings. She wonders if she should pay Sister Mary Anita a visit.
In this passage, one of the most important in the story, Evelina articulates the novel’s core assertion: that history is not only present but contradictory, as each successive generation further blurs the line between victim and perpetrator. Evelina’s choice of words (painting history as a “rope”) explicitly links this reflection back to the town’s most traumatic historical event, the hangings of 1911. This connection is then further underscored by the presence of fluttering dove wings, which will continue to recur throughout the novel.
Themes
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Punishment vs. Justice Theme Icon
Quotes
One day, Corwin comes to visit Evelina; as the person who gave her the acid, he feels partly responsible for her decline. At first, the duo sits in awkward silence. But then Corwin pulls out his fiddle and begins to play. The sound is “penetrating” and “scream”-like, and it makes Warren sink to the floor. When Corwin finishes playing, he gestures to the door. “I can’t leave here,” Evelina insists. But then she walks out.
The description of Corwin’s playing here echoes the “unearthly violin solo” that began the novel. Tracing Warren’s reaction to this music is essential, even if the impact it has on him is not yet explained. Moreover, the fact that Corwin’s playing gives Evelina the strength to walk out of the hospital speaks once more to the healing, almost mystical power of violin music.
Themes
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Evelina brings only her diary, deciding that she does not want to take Anaïs in this new phase of her life. On the car ride back, Evelina tells Corwin that she is a lesbian. Telling Corwin about her feelings for Nonette makes Evelina feel better, especially when she reflects on the years she spent writing Corwin’s name on her body. Corwin drops Evelina off at her house, and Evelina sits on her porch with Mooshum, until the sun goes down and it gets cold.
By distancing herself from both Anaïs Nin and the years of youthful passion she felt for Corwin, Evelina leaves behind her fantasies of “deathless romantic encounters” in favor of quieter, more sustainable feelings—her burgeoning desires for women, for example, or her familial love for her grandfather.
Themes
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A few days later, Evelina goes to visit Sister Mary Anita at the convent. At first, Evelina does not plan to tell Mary Anita about her stay in the mental hospital, but it eventually it slips out. Evelina also confesses her desire to become a nun, though Mary Anita is skeptical (“it’s just that I don’t see you in the convent”).
Even though Evelina knows all of the brutal history behind the Buckendorf name, Mary Anita still feels like a confidante she can truly trust, another sign that the past never dictates the present in a straightforward way.
Themes
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Evelina finally asks Mary Anita if she became a nun because of what her ancestors did in the hanging. Her voice faint, Mary Anita replies that she was perhaps motivated by the idea that “anyone” could be capable of such atrocities, even her grandfather, who always seemed kind. Cautiously, Mary Anita then reveals that Mooshum was the one who told Eugene Wildstrand that he, Cuthbert, Asiginak, and Holy Track had found the slain family. Though the knowledge of Mooshum’s betrayal fills Evelina with rage, she instinctively knows that Mary Anita is telling the truth.
The twistiness of history becomes especially evident here. On the one hand, a seeming villain like Emil Buckendorf is revealed to be kind and gentle through most of his life, to the point that his violence instills a deep and disturbing cognitive dissonance in his descendants. And on the other hand, Mooshum—one of the novel’s most charismatic, most incisive heroes—is also capable of great harm, as shown by his accidental betrayal of Cuthbert, Asiginak, and Holy Track. 
Themes
Ancestry, History, and Interconnection Theme Icon
Punishment vs. Justice Theme Icon
Quotes
Before Evelina goes, Mary Anita promises to pray for her. The nun then gives Evelina a rumpled paper bag. When Evelina opens it, she sees that Holy Track’s boots are inside, crosses nailed to the soles. That night, Mooshum asks Evelina if she wants to play cards. She refuses, instead shoving Holy Track’s boots in her grandfather’s face. Mooshum lies down on the couch, overcome with guilt. But Evelina will not let Mooshum mope. Instead, she insists that they must drive to the tree where the hanging took place.
Overwhelmed by the contradictions of the past, Evelina now seeks her own form of present clarity, a kind of justice that hinges not on punishment but on ritual, community, and memory. In one more sign of just how interwoven everyone in Pluto is, Evelina and Mooshum’s journey to this tree will take them to the Wolde farm, a site of pain not only in 1911 but more recently, under Billy Peace’s cult.
Themes
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Punishment vs. Justice Theme Icon
Land, Ownership, and Dispossession  Theme Icon
Mooshum and Evelina park their car by the tree, which is now covered with prayer flags. When Evelina slams the car doors, it startles the surrounding birds, who fly up into the sky. Mooshum and Evelina throw the boots into the sky, and the boots catch in the tree’s branches. “This is sentiment instead of justice,” Evelina tells her uncle. Mooshum just whispers that “the doves are still up there.” Evelina looks up, hating the way Holy Track’s boots sway in the wind.
This vital, lyrical scene demonstrates the impossibility of achieving true “justice.” Holy Track can never be brought back to life, and any attempts to honor his memory are more about the feelings of those in the present (“sentiment”) rather than about righting an impossible wrong. At the same time, even as Evelina feels a painful sense of incompleteness with this gesture—more about poetic justice than tangible healing—Mooshum feels close again to the “doves”, the ultimate symbol (in the novel) of contradictory, unknowable “truth.”
Themes
Ancestry, History, and Interconnection Theme Icon
Punishment vs. Justice Theme Icon
Faith, Music, and Meaning Theme Icon
Quotes