Nietzsche’s unorthodox criticisms of Christianity often appear to contradict each other, as he praises the style of the Jewish Old Testament despite also identifying it as the origin of the religious slave morality, a point he will address more directly later on. His theory regarding atheism, however, returns to the theme of the free spirit. To Nietzsche, modern atheists are more prisoner than ever to religious logic, but they have merely substituted “science,” “the people,” or “the nation” for God. Atheism is clearly not the answer to religious dogmatism, but merely another form of it; yet he leaves the true answer unclear.