Burmese Days

by

George Orwell

Burmese Days: Chapter 17 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
Flory goes to the Club after dinner, hoping to see Elizabeth. Instead he runs into Westfield and Ellis, who are furious because they’ve learned the editor of the Burmese Patriot, which slandered Macgregor, only got four months in jail. Ellis picks a fight with Flory over his friendship with Dr. Veraswami, and Westfield lectures him about white men’s duties. Flory, preoccupied with Elizabeth, tries to shut them up by announcing that he plans to suggest Veraswami for club membership. That angers Ellis and Westfield, but the butler interrupts the fight.
That the editor of a newspaper received four months in jail for publishing an article, even if a slanderous one, shows the repressive atmosphere of British Burma when it comes to free speech—especially free speech criticizing white men or the British Empire. It is in this environment that Flory announces his intention to propose a non-white man for club membership—showing that he is becoming braver and making good on his promise to his friend Dr. Veraswami.
Themes
Imperialism and Hypocrisy Theme Icon
Freedom of Speech, Self-Expression, and Loneliness Theme Icon
Friendship and Loyalty Theme Icon
The Lackersteens, all better-dressed than usual, enter the club. Mrs. Lackersteen starts affecting a very posh accent, which confuses everyone. When she suggests that they play cards, they all move to the card-room—and, as Elizabeth takes up the rear, Flory waylays her in the doorway and begs her to tell him how he offended her. She claims not to know what he means. When he says he “can’t let everything end” like this, she claims “there was nothing to end.” When Flory insists on knowing what he’s done, Elizabeth—angry at having to speak of it—says she’s learned that he’s “keeping a Burmese woman.” Then she moves past him into the card-room. Flory is left humiliated, thinking that that isn’t even true and wondering how she heard.
Elizabeth’s initial claim that “there was nothing to end” between her and Flory shows her disinterest in honesty and authenticity—and her tendency toward pretense and convention. Similarly, her anger at having to talk about Flory having sex with a non-white woman shows how free speech around common realities like interracial sex is constrained in the British imperial context. Meanwhile, Elizabeth’s rejection of Flory due to his relationship with Ma Hla May fulfills earlier foreshadowing that Elizabeth’s racism and conventionality would impede her relationship with Flory.
Themes
Status and Racism Theme Icon
Class, Gender, and Sex Theme Icon
Freedom of Speech, Self-Expression, and Loneliness Theme Icon
In a flashback to the evening before, Mrs. Lackersteen is in the club reading the Civil List, which contains “the exact income of every official in Burma.” She decides to look up Verrall, whom Macgregor has told her is coming to Kyauktada, only to learn that he’s an “Honourable.” Thinking immediately of her unmarried niece, she rushes to find Flory and Elizabeth to prevent Flory—who only makes 700 rupees a month—from proposing. Then the earthquake hits. Later, as the Lackersteens are returning home, Mrs. Lackersteen informs Elizabeth that Flory is “keeping a Burmese woman.”
That Verrall is an “Honourable” means he’s an aristocrat. That is, Mrs. Lackersteen intentionally sabotages Flory and Elizabeth’s potential marriage by telling Elizabeth about Ma Hla May because Mrs. Lackersteen sees Verrall as a higher-status and potentially richer husband for her young niece. Mrs. Lackersteen’s actions emphasize that marriage, in the novel, is generally a matter of status and economics rather than love and affection.
Themes
Status and Racism Theme Icon
Class, Gender, and Sex Theme Icon
Flory, out behind the club staring at the river, remembers the hundred-odd Burmese women with whom he’s had sex and decides with “deadly self-knowledge and self-loathing” that he deserves exactly this outcome. He walks around the club and out of the gate when a woman whispers “give me the money” in Burmese. Ma Hla May emerges from the shadows and loudly demands that Flory give her the additional money he promised. When he tells her to be quiet lest people in the club hear her, she says that she’ll scream and bring them all running. Flory calls her “bitch” but throws his last 25 rupees at her. When she keeps pestering him for more money, he at last gives her his gold cigarette case to pawn. He’s surprised by her determination—it’s “as though someone else were egging her on.”
When Flory thinks about the Burmese women with whom he’s had sex, it’s ambiguous whether he feels “self-loathing” due to his sexual exploitation of these women in a colonial context—or due to a racist belief that having interracial sex is somehow degrading for a white man. Both motives, the anti-imperialist and the racist, may be in play. Ma Hla May’s blackmail of Flory and his cursing at her, calling her a bitch, emphasizes that their relationship was mutually exploitative rather than loving: she used him for money and status while he used her for sex. Meanwhile, Flory’s sense that “someone else [is] egging” Ma Hla May on may foreshadow a puppet-master behind her attempts at blackmail.
Themes
Status and Racism Theme Icon
Class, Gender, and Sex Theme Icon
Quotes
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