Tar Baby

by

Toni Morrison

Teachers and parents! Our Teacher Edition on Tar Baby makes teaching easy.

Tar Baby: Chapter 2 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
Sydney and Ondine sleep peacefully, while Valerian is awake upstairs since he often naps during the day in the greenhouse. Margaret is asleep in her own room, while Jadine lies awake in the next room over. Two months ago, Jadine had been in Paris when she got the news that she had been chosen for the cover of Elle. It was one of the happiest days of her life. She decided to throw a dinner party and went to the grocery store to get supplies. There, she became transfixed by a Black woman in a yellow dress. Jadine followed the woman out of the store. Eventually, the woman turned to look at Jadine and spit on the ground. After that, the dinner party went well. Three men were vying for Jadine’s affection at the time, and it seemed like nothing was missing from her life.
The novel portrays Valerian’s life on Isle des Chevaliers a kind of paradise, with Valerian spending most of his days in the greenhouse, a symbol of the Garden of Eden. However, there seems to be something sinister underlying that apparent paradise, which leads Valerian to lie awake through the night. The same is true of Jadine’s life in Paris. The narration’s use of the word “seemed” points to the idea that Jadine’s sense of fulfillment is illusory, suggesting that despite her comfort, something is amiss in her life.
Themes
Systemic Racism and Power Theme Icon
Expectations of Womanhood Theme Icon
Colonialism and Enslavement Theme Icon
Innocence and Guilt Theme Icon
On the Isle des Chevaliers, Jadine gets out of bed. She thinks about the woman whom she saw spit in Paris and wonders why she craved that woman’s respect. Instead, by spitting, the woman made Jadine feel lonely and fake. She and Ryk had set a date for a marriage, but then the woman spit, and Jadine left to see her aunt and uncle to see what they would think of her prospective marriage. She thinks that they won’t like that Ryk is white, but at least a white European man is better than a white American man. Sydney and Ondine became Jadine’s only family after her mother died, but Jadine never lived with them. They did help with her expenses in college, though, and they also got Valerian to pay for tuition.
The woman in the yellow dress symbolizes the paragon of womanhood, and Black womanhood, in particular. When Jadine compares herself to that paragon, she finds herself wanting. Part of what makes Jadine feel critical of herself is her engagement to Ryk, a wealthy, white European man. She especially wonders if Sydney and Ondine would like Ryk, and this points to how conflicted Jadine feels, not just about what kind of woman she should be, but also about her relationship with white, powerful men like Valerian and Ryk and how that impacts her identity as a Black woman.
Themes
Systemic Racism and Power Theme Icon
Expectations of Womanhood Theme Icon
Colonialism and Enslavement Theme Icon
Innocence and Guilt Theme Icon
Meanwhile, Valerian is awake in his room. He recalls how, when he was seven, his father died, and his uncles decided to look after his education, having decided that Valerian would take over the family candy business, Street Brothers Candy. When Valerian got older, he went through nine years of a childless and unhappy first marriage. At 39, after getting divorced, he went to a convention for industrial food appliance sales in Maine and saw Margaret, who stood on a float in a parade as Miss Maine. They got married, Michael was born, and Valerian promised himself he would retire as soon as he turned 65. To prepare for that retirement, he bought an island in the Caribbean and built a house there. He sold parcels of land to people he thought would be good and unobtrusive neighbors.
This passage clarifies that Valerian doesn’t just own his house, L’Arbe de la Croix, but that he owns the entire Isle des Chevaliers. He then controls who comes and goes and who can live on the island. That fact highlights the extreme wealth that Valerian amassed through the candy business, and it also positions Valerian as a more direct representation of colonialism in the sense that he traveled to a different part of the world, took control of it, and then dictated what would happen there.
Themes
Systemic Racism and Power Theme Icon
Colonialism and Enslavement Theme Icon
Innocence and Guilt Theme Icon
Unlike Valerian, Michael did not take to the candy business. When Valerian became convinced that he would never truly be close to his son, he built the greenhouse as a place where he could “greet death.” While Valerian stayed on at the candy company two years past his self-imposed deadline to retire at 65, he was eventually able to retire and live at L’Arbe de la Croix full-time.
The greenhouse is a symbol of the biblical Garden of Eden, meaning that it metaphorically represents the idea of innocence. With that in mind, Valerian designed his version of paradise in the greenhouse in order to “greet death” in an “innocent” state. The novel will later develop the symbolism of Valerian’s greenhouse as it examines what it means to be innocent. 
Themes
Systemic Racism and Power Theme Icon
Colonialism and Enslavement Theme Icon
Toxic Masculinity Theme Icon
Innocence and Guilt Theme Icon
Quotes
Get the entire Tar Baby LitChart as a printable PDF.
Tar Baby PDF
In her room, Margaret is not quite asleep and not quite awake. As a child, Margaret’s red hair puzzled her parents, both of whom had brown hair. She married Valerian at 17 and moved into his house in Philadelphia, which was larger than her elementary school. In the early years of their marriage, Valerian’s house and his wealth intimidated Margaret. But she loved the dinners and concerts he took her to. She and Ondine became friends. Ondine planned to teach Margaret a recipe, which Margaret recognized as an honor since Ondine didn’t like to share recipes or the kitchen.
Valerian and Margaret’s relationship is characterized by a significant age gap, which is intensified by the fact that Margaret was only 17 when she married her husband. Margaret’s insecurity about her modest upbringing (compared to Valerian’s immense wealth) adds to that power imbalance. All this underscores how isolated Margaret felt during the early years of her marriage and how much her friendship with Ondine must have meant to her.
Themes
Systemic Racism and Power Theme Icon
Expectations of Womanhood Theme Icon
Toxic Masculinity Theme Icon
But before that happened, Valerian admonished Margaret that she should “guide the servants, not consort with them.” Margaret and Valerian fought about it. Margaret argued that Black people were equal to white people. Valerian argued that that wasn’t the point. Instead, the point was Margaret’s “ignorance and her origins.” Then, Margaret got pregnant and gave birth to Michael. Now that he’s an adult, Margaret thinks Michael is the smartest and kindest person she knows. She loves being around him, and that’s why she wants to move closer to him.
Valerian uses Margaret’s insecurity about her class to manipulate her into doing what he wants. And what he wants her to do, in instructing her not to “consort with” servants like Ondine, is help him maintain historically rooted, systemically racist power structures that demarcate clear, inviolable distinctions between those with power and those without. Valerian’s manipulation of Margaret points to how controlling he is in general.
Themes
Systemic Racism and Power Theme Icon
Expectations of Womanhood Theme Icon
Colonialism and Enslavement Theme Icon
Toxic Masculinity Theme Icon
Innocence and Guilt Theme Icon