The Poppy War

by

R. F. Kuang

Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Analysis

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Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
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LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Poppy War, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon

The Poppy War follows teenaged Rin, an orphan girl who, against all odds, tests into the fictional country Nikan’s most prestigious military academy, Sinegard. The novel then follows Rin through her schooling, which is cut short when Nikan goes to war with its longtime enemy, the island nation the Federation of Mugen. Beginning during Rin’s school days, the novel shows how in a country obsessed with winning a war at all costs, it’s necessary to teach one’s soldiers, students, and general citizens to dehumanize the enemy. Throughout the novel, it becomes clear that both Nikan and the Federation have successfully taught their citizens that their enemies aren’t actually people. Rather, their enemies are “monsters,” “animals,” and nuisances to use, abuse, and sweep away. Moreover, it reinforces the horrific consequences of this kind of dehumanization. From the carnage and abuse at Golyn Niis, to the genocide on Speer decades ago, to the Federation research facility that tortures Speerlies and Nikara in the name of scientific research, and finally to Rin’s choice to call the Phoenix to destroy the island of Mugen and every innocent civilian on it, The Poppy War suggests that this kind of dehumanization is both unnatural—Rin and her peers must work hard to tell themselves that their enemies are subhuman—and universally devastating. The true horror of war, The Poppy War shows, is that in order to go to war, it’s necessary to fully dehumanize one’s enemies. And in doing so, people don’t just bring about the brutal deaths of their enemies—they also lose their own humanity in the process.

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Dehumanization and the Horrors of War ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Dehumanization and the Horrors of War appears in each chapter of The Poppy War. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
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Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Quotes in The Poppy War

Below you will find the important quotes in The Poppy War related to the theme of Dehumanization and the Horrors of War.
Chapter 3 Quotes

Rin had always wondered whether the loss of Speer was purely an accident. If any other province had been destroyed the way Speer had, the Nikara Empire wouldn’t have stopped with a peace treaty. They would have fought until the Federation of Mugen was in pieces.

But the Speerlies weren’t really Nikara at all. Tall and brown-skinned, they were an island people who had always been ethnically separate from the Nikara mainlanders. They spoke their own language, wrote in their own script, and practiced their own religion. They had joined the Imperial Militia only at the Red Emperor’s sword point.

This all pointed to strained relations between the Nikara and the Speerlies all the way up through the Second Poppy War. So, Rin thought, if any Nikara territory had to be sacrificed, Speer was the obvious choice.

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin), Kitay, Master Yim, The Red Emperor
Page Number: 53
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 5 Quotes

Irjah looked deeply uncomfortable. “You must understand that this is a very awkward part of Nikan’s history,” he said. “The way that the Speerlies were treated was...regrettable. They were used and exploited by the Empire for centuries. Their warriors were regarded as little more than vicious dogs. Savages. Until Altan came to study at Sinegard, I don’t believe anyone really thought the Speerlies were capable of sophisticated thought. Nikan does not like to speak of Speer, and for good reason.”

Related Characters: Master Irjah (speaker), Rin (Fang Runin), Altan Trengsin
Page Number: 86
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 6 Quotes

“Sinegard likes to collect the Warlords’ broods as much as it can. Keeps them under the Empire’s careful watch.”

“What for?” she asked.

“Leverage. Indoctrination. This generation of Warlords hate each other too much to coordinate on anything of national importance, and the imperial bureaucracy has too little local authority to force them. Just look at the state of the Imperial Navy.”

“We have a navy?” Rin asked.

“Exactly.” Jiang snorted. “We used to. Anyhow, Daji’s hoping that Sinegard will forge a generation of leaders who like each other—and better, who will obey the throne.”

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin) (speaker), Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper) (speaker), Empress Su Daji (The Vipress)
Page Number: 117
Explanation and Analysis:

Oink? Sunzi looked imploringly at Rin.

“Don’t look at me,” Rin said. “It’s the end of the road for you.”

She couldn’t help but feel a stab of guilt; the longer she looked at Sunzi, the more she was reminded of its piglet form. She tore her eyes away from its dull, naive gaze and headed back up the mountain.

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin) (speaker), Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper), The Widow Maung
Page Number: 128
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 7 Quotes

“I asked Jima to let me train him. But the Empress intervened. She knew the military value of a Speerly warrior, she was so excited...in the end, national interests superseded the sanity of one boy. They put him under Irjah’s tutelage, and honed his rage like a weapon instead of teaching him to control it. You’ve seen him in the ring. You know what he’s like.”

Related Characters: Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper) (speaker), Rin (Fang Runin), Altan Trengsin, Empress Su Daji (The Vipress), Master Jima
Page Number: 156
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 10 Quotes

“I wonder what a Federation soldier looks like,” [...]

“They have arms and legs, I’m guessing. Maybe even a head.”

“No, I mean, what do they look like?” Kitay asked. “Like Nikara? All of the Federation came from the eastern continent. They’re not like Hesperians, so they must look somewhat normal.”

Rin couldn’t see why this was relevant. “Does it matter?”

“Don’t you want to see the face of the enemy?” Kitay asked.

“No, I don’t,” she said. “Because then I might think they’re human. And they’re not human. We’re talking about the people who gave opium to toddlers the last time they invaded. The people who massacred Speer.”

“Maybe they’re more human than we realize,” said Kitay. “Has anyone ever stopped to ask what the Federation want? Why is it that they must fight us?”

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin) (speaker), Kitay (speaker)
Page Number: 232-233
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 11 Quotes

That felt stupid now. So, so stupid. War was not a game, where one fought for honor and admiration, where masters would keep her from sustaining any real harm.

War was a nightmare.

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin), Kitay, Nezha
Page Number: 238
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 14 Quotes

She looked up. Their eyes met.

Naked fear was written across his face, round and soft like a child’s. He was barely taller than her. He couldn’t have been older than Ramsa.

He fumbled with his knife, had to adjust it against his stomach to get a proper grip before he brought it down—

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin), Altan Trengsin, Ramsa
Page Number: 311
Explanation and Analysis:

“I think Tearza was wise. And I think that she was a bad ruler. Shamans should know when to resist the power of the gods. That is wisdom. But rulers should do everything in their power to save their country. That is responsibility. If you hold the fate of the country in your hands, if you have accepted your obligation to your people, then your life ceases to be your own. Once you accept the title of ruler, your choices are made for you. In those days, to rule Speer meant serving the Phoenix. Speer used to be a proud race. A free people. when Tearza killed herself, the Speerlies became little more than the Emperor’s mad dogs. Tearza has the blood of Speer on her hands. Tearza deserved what she got.”

Related Characters: Qara (speaker), Rin (Fang Runin), Mai’rinnen Tearza (The Woman), The Phoenix, The Red Emperor
Page Number: 319
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 15 Quotes

In fact, they looked more like Sinegardians than Rin and Altan did.

Aside from their language, which was more clipped and rapid than Sinegardian Nikara, they were virtually indistinguishable from the Nikara themselves.

It disturbed her that the Federation soldiers so closely resembled her own people. She would have preferred a faceless, monstrous enemy, or one that was entirely foreign, like the pale-haired Hesperians across the sea.

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin), Altan Trengsin
Page Number: 327
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 17 Quotes

She had just killed Altan.

What was that supposed to mean? What did it say that the chimei had thought she wouldn’t be able to kill Altan, and that she had killed him anyway?

If she could do this, what couldn’t she do?

Who couldn’t she kill?

Maybe that was the kind of anger it took to call the Phoenix easily and regularly the way Altan did. Not just rage, not just fear, but a deep, burning resentment, fanned by a particularly cruel kind of abuse.

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin), Altan Trengsin, Nezha, The Phoenix
Related Symbols: Opium
Page Number: 368
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 20 Quotes

“He’s not human,” she said, recalling the horrible anger behind Altan’s power. She’d thought she understood Altan. She’d thought she had reached the man behind the command title. But she realized now that she didn’t know him at all. The Altan she’d known—at least, the Altan in her mind—would have done anything for his troops. He wouldn’t have left someone in the gas to die. “He—I don’t know what he is.”

“But Altan was never allowed to be human,” Chaghan said, and his voice was uncharacteristically gentle. “Since childhood, he’s been regarded as a militia asset. Your masters at the Academy fed him opium for attacking his classmates and trained him like a dog for this war.”

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin) (speaker), Chaghan (speaker), Altan Trengsin, Nezha, Master Irjah
Related Symbols: Opium
Page Number: 390
Explanation and Analysis:

“That boy is beyond redemption,” said the Woman. “That boy is broken like the rest. But you, you are still pure. You can still be saved.”

“I don’t want to be saved!” Rin shrieked. “I want power! I want Altan’s power! I want to be the most powerful shaman there ever was, so that there is no one I can’t save!”

“That power can burn down the world,” the woman said sadly. “That power will destroy everything you’ve ever loved. You will defeat your enemy, and the victory will turn to ashes in your mouth.”

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin) (speaker), Mai’rinnen Tearza (The Woman) (speaker), Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper), Altan Trengsin, Kitay, Chaghan, The Phoenix
Page Number: 390
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 22 Quotes

Warfare was about absolutes. Us or them. Victory or defeat. There was no middle way. There was no mercy. No surrender.

This was the same logic, Rin realized, that had justified the destruction of Speer. To the Federation, to wipe out an entire race overnight was not an atrocity at all. Only a necessity.

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin)
Page Number: 432
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 25 Quotes

Rin forced the last parts of what was human out of her soul and gave way to her hatred. Hating was so easy. It filled a hole inside her. It let her feel something again. It felt so good.

“Total victory,” she said. “It’s what you want, isn’t it?”

“What I want?” The Phoenix sounded amused. “The gods do not want anything. The gods merely exist. We cannot help what we are; we are pure essence, pure element. You humans inflict everything on yourselves, and then blame us afterward. Every calamity has been man-made. We do not force you to do anything. We have only ever helped.”

“This is my destiny,” Rin said with conviction. “I’m the last Speerly. I have to do this. It is written.”

“Nothing is written,” said the Phoenix.

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin) (speaker), The Phoenix (speaker), Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper)
Page Number: 501
Explanation and Analysis: