NW

by

Zadie Smith

Teachers and parents! Our Teacher Edition on NW makes teaching easy.

Class Identity and Social Mobility Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Class Identity and Social Mobility Theme Icon
Geography and Human Connection Theme Icon
Sex and Relationships Theme Icon
Altruism Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in NW, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Class Identity and Social Mobility Theme Icon

Although many of their stories begin at the same place—the Caldwell council estate (public housing, typically with low-income residents) and later, a school called Brayton—the characters of Zadie Smith’s NW go on to lead very different lives. The character who goes through the biggest change is Keisha, who literally changes her name to Natalie when she is a teenager. Perhaps not coincidentally, the first time in the novel that Natalie uses her new name is during a visit to her friend Leah’s almost exclusively white university, since “Natalie” is more likely to be the name of a white person than “Keisha.” The character eventually known as Natalie senses that certain traits about her—like her performance in school, the way she dresses, and even her name—can all affect the way people perceive her, and that she has some power to change these things to increase her social mobility. By the end of the story, Natalie has fully bought into the idea that everyone has the ability to improve their social class by working hard—or at least that’s what she tells Leah as the two of them discuss the state of Nathan, who also grew up in Caldwell but ended up seemingly caught in a cycle of addiction, which led to him selling travel cards on the streets to survive and possibly even getting involved in a murder.

Still, the life of the character Felix seems to contradict Natalie’s opinions, showing how even hard work might not be enough to allow a character to achieve social mobility. Felix’s father, Lloyd, did manage to get his family out of the poverty living conditions of the Garvey House, and after an unsuccessful relationship and a period of addiction, Felix seems to be finally be settling into a stable living condition. But all of this comes apart when Felix gets fatally stabbed during a chance mugging. The news reports of Felix’s death all mention the impoverished conditions Felix grew up in, showing how he couldn’t escape his past even in death. And so, NW presents a nuanced view of social mobility. While the novel acknowledges that the modern world does indeed give some people the opportunity to make new lives for themselves, it makes it clear that poverty is not fundamentally the result of bad choices. Furthermore, it suggests that privilege and inherited wealth can enable some people to succeed automatically, while people like Felix can’t escape the status into which they are born even though they work hard.

Related Themes from Other Texts
Compare and contrast themes from other texts to this theme…
Get the entire NW LitChart as a printable PDF.
NW PDF

Class Identity and Social Mobility Quotes in NW

Below you will find the important quotes in NW related to the theme of Class Identity and Social Mobility.
Visitation: Chapter 1 Quotes

The fat sun stalls by the phone masts. Anti-climb paint turns sulphurous on school gates and lampposts. In Willesden people go barefoot, the streets turn European, there is a mania for eating outside. She keeps to the shade. Redheaded. On the radio: I am the sole author of the dictionary that defines me.

Related Characters: Leah Hanwell
Page Number: 3
Explanation and Analysis:
Visitation: Chapter 2 Quotes

— Come by tomorrow. Pay you back. Swear to God, yeah? Thanks, seriously. You saved me today.

Related Characters: Shar (speaker), Leah Hanwell, Keisha “Natalie” Blake, Michel
Related Symbols: Headscarf
Page Number: 17
Explanation and Analysis:
Visitation: Chapter 16 Quotes

— Why do you treat me like an idiot all the time?

Related Characters: Michel (speaker), Leah Hanwell, Keisha “Natalie” Blake, Francesco “Frank” De Angelis
Page Number: 62
Explanation and Analysis:
Visitation: Chapter 20 Quotes

The boy is a boy and Michel is a man but they look the same age.

Related Characters: Leah Hanwell, Michel, Nathan, Shar
Page Number: 91
Explanation and Analysis:
Visitation: Chapter 23 Quotes

— He was murdered! Why does it matter where he grew up?

Related Characters: Leah Hanwell (speaker), Michel, Felix
Related Symbols: Albert Road
Page Number: 104
Explanation and Analysis:
Guest: NW6 Quotes

Five and innocent at this bus stop. Fourteen and drunk. Twenty-six and stoned. Twenty-nine in utter oblivion, out of his mind on coke and K: “You can’t sleep here, son. You either need to move it along or we’ll have to take you in to the station to sleep it off.” You live in the same place long enough, you get memory overlap.

Related Characters: Felix, Grace
Page Number: 135
Explanation and Analysis:
Guest: (W1) Quotes

“She’s knows what she’s about. She’s conscious.”

Related Characters: Felix (speaker), Grace, Annie
Page Number: 179
Explanation and Analysis:
Guest: NW6 (2) Quotes

“And the stones,” said the kid. Felix touched his ears. Treasured zirconias, a present from Grace.

“You’re dreamin’,” he said.

Related Characters: Felix (speaker), Nathan
Related Symbols: Albert Road
Page Number: 197
Explanation and Analysis:
Host Quotes

“You rose up with these red pigtails in your hand. You dragged her up. You were the only one saw she was in trouble.”

Related Characters: Marcia (speaker), Leah Hanwell, Keisha “Natalie” Blake, Pauline Hanwell
Page Number: 202
Explanation and Analysis:

It was not that Ms. Blake hadn’t noticed the white people walking around with the climbing equipment, or the white people huddled in stairwells discussing the best method to chain themselves to an oak tree. She had experienced her usual anthropological curiosity with regard to these matters. But she had thought it was more of an aesthetic than a protest.

Related Characters: Leah Hanwell, Keisha “Natalie” Blake
Page Number: 239
Explanation and Analysis:

“Then I realized the following: when some floppy-haired chap from Surrey stands before these judges, all his passionate arguments read as “pure advocacy.” He and the Judge recognize each other. They are understood by each other. Very likely went to the same school. But Whaley’s passion, or mine, or yours, reads as ‘aggression.’ To the judge. This is his house and you are an interloper within it. And let me tell you, with a woman it’s worse: ‘Aggressive hysteria.’ The first lesson is: turn yourself down. One notch. Two.”

Related Characters: Theodora (speaker), Keisha “Natalie” Blake
Page Number: 285
Explanation and Analysis:

Natalie Blake had completely forgotten what it was like to be poor. It was a language she’d stopped being able to speak, or even to understand.

Related Characters: Leah Hanwell, Keisha “Natalie” Blake, Francesco “Frank” De Angelis, Shar
Page Number: 330
Explanation and Analysis:
Crossing: Willesden Lane to Kilburn High Road Quotes

“I wish we could have talked more often.”

Related Characters: Keisha “Natalie” Blake (speaker), Nathan
Page Number: 368
Explanation and Analysis:
Crossing: Hampstead to Archway Quotes

“Everyone loves a bredrin when he’s ten. After that he’s a problem. Can’t stay ten always.”

Related Characters: Nathan (speaker), Keisha “Natalie” Blake, Theodora
Page Number: 376
Explanation and Analysis:
Crossing: Hornsey Lane Quotes

Here nothing less than a break—a sudden and total rupture—would do. She could see the act perfectly clearly, it appeared before her like an object in her hand—and then the wind shook the trees once more and her feet touched the pavement. The act remained just that: an act, a prospect, always possible. Someone would surely soon come to this bridge and claim it, both the possibility and the act itself, as they had been doing with grim regularity ever since the bridge was built. But right at this moment there was no one left to do it.

Related Characters: Keisha “Natalie” Blake, Francesco “Frank” De Angelis, Nathan
Page Number: 385
Explanation and Analysis:
Visitation Quotes

In her daughter’s eyes Natalie saw her own celebrated will reflected back at her, at twice the intensity.

Related Characters: Leah Hanwell, Keisha “Natalie” Blake, Francesco “Frank” De Angelis, Marcia, Elena De Angelis, Naomi, Spike
Page Number: 391
Explanation and Analysis:

On a tatty sofa a Rastafarian gentleman sat holding a picture of his adult son.

Related Characters: Keisha “Natalie” Blake, Felix, Nathan, Lloyd, Naomi, Spike
Related Symbols: Albert Road
Page Number: 393
Explanation and Analysis:

“You, me, all of us. Why that girl and not us. Why that poor bastard on Albert Road. It doesn’t make sense to me.”

Related Characters: Leah Hanwell (speaker), Keisha “Natalie” Blake, Felix
Related Symbols: Albert Road
Page Number: 400
Explanation and Analysis:

“I got something to tell you,” said Keisha Blake, disguising her voice with her voice.

Related Characters: Keisha “Natalie” Blake (speaker), Leah Hanwell, Felix, Nathan, Shar
Page Number: 401
Explanation and Analysis: