If on a winter’s night a traveler

by

Italo Calvino

The narrator frequently addresses “you,” and while at the beginning of the novel, it seems at first that he’s directly addressing the audience of the book, it turns out that “you” (also known as “the Reader”) is a very specific character with specific traits. As it turns out, the Reader is a single man who enjoys reading but experiences a string of frustrations where he can never reach the end of a book he starts reading. While on his reading journey to find the end of these stories, the Reader frequently runs into Ludmilla (also known as the “Other Reader”) who seems like a potential love interested but who is also never where the Reader expects her to be, showing up late and often communicating from a distance by telephone. The Reader seems to constantly be at the mercy of forces larger than himself, never finding the books he wants and even ending up in prison near the end of the novel. This prison reflects how reading itself can be a linear process, with a reader having no choice but to follow the path that the author provides. While Calvino’s character of you, the Reader, is in some ways an everyman figure, without a name and with a sense of curiosity that feels universal, the Reader ultimately challenges the idea of a unified reading audience, as he reads stories in conditions that are far from ideal for reading and meets other characters along the way who have their own strong, conflicting opinions about how to read, showing that there is no such thing as a universal “you.”

You (The Reader) Quotes in If on a winter’s night a traveler

The If on a winter’s night a traveler quotes below are all either spoken by You (The Reader) or refer to You (The Reader) . For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
The Act of Reading Theme Icon
).
Chapter 1 Quotes

You are about to begin reading Italo Calvino’s new novel, If on a winter’s night a traveler. Relax. Concentrate. Dispel every other thought. Let the world around you fade.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader) , Italo Calvino
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 3
Explanation and Analysis:

You prepare to recognize the unmistakable tone of the author. No. You don’t recognize it at all. But now that you think about it, who ever said this author had an unmistakable tone? On the contrary, he is known as an author who changes greatly from one book to the next. And in these very changes you recognize him as himself.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader) , Italo Calvino
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 9
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 2 Quotes

And so the Other Reader makes her happy entrance into your field of vision, Reader, or, rather, into the field of your attention; or, rather, you have entered a magnetic field from whose attraction you cannot escape. Don’t waste time, then, you have a good excuse to strike up a conversation, a common ground, just think a moment, you can show off your vast and various reading, go ahead, what are you waiting for?

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader) , Ludmilla (The Other Reader), Bookseller
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 29
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 3 Quotes

“Me? I don’t read books!” Irnerio says.

“What do you read, then?”

“Nothing. I’ve become so accustomed to not reading that I don’t even read what appears before my eyes. It’s not easy: they teach us to read as children, and for the rest of our lives we remain the slaves of all the written stuff they fling in front of us. I may have had to make some effort myself, at first, to learn not to read, but now it comes quite naturally to me. The secret is not refusing to look at the written words. On the contrary, you must look at them, intensely, until they disappear.”

Related Characters: You (The Reader) (speaker), Irnerio (speaker), Ludmilla (The Other Reader), Uzzi Tuzii
Page Number: 49
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 4 Quotes

The Cimbro-Cimmerian debate does not seem to affect Ludmilla, now occupied with a single thought: the possibility that the interrupted novel might continue.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader) , Ludmilla (The Other Reader), Lotaria, Uzzi Tuzii, Professor Galligani
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 74
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 5 Quotes

You realize at once that Mr. Cavedagna is that person indispensable to every firm’s staff, on whose shoulders his colleagues tend instinctively to unload all the most complex and tricky jobs.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader) , Ludmilla (The Other Reader), Italo Calvino, Mr. Cavedagna
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 95
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 6 Quotes

Ermes Marana appears to you as a serpent who injects his malice into the paradise of reading.

This quote describes the Reader’s reaction to first hearing about Ermes Marana, a translator whom the Reader learns about in the publishing house he visits and who seems to have an unusual life full of conspiracy and mystery. Marana has a reputation as a counterfeiter, claiming to translate books but in fact replacing them with translations of totally unrelated books. While the Reader seems to be interested in Marana, unable to stop reading his letters, ultimately the Reader finds Marana disturbing.

By raising the idea that a translation could be an unfaithful copy of the original, Marana destroys the Reader’s notion of a book as an act of communication between an author and a reader. Although Marana represents an extreme case, he illustrates how in general, translation can be a tricky job, and even a faithful translator may nevertheless introduce some changes into a book. By refusing to remain ignorant about the book-making process, the Reader, like Ludmilla, finds himself falling down a rabbit hole of questions that make him doubt everything he knows about reading. This reinforces the novel’s broader argument about how the truth can be elusive and fragmented.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader) , Ludmilla (The Other Reader), Ermes Marana, Silas Flannery
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 125
Chapter 7 Quotes

This book so far has been careful to leave open to the Reader who is reading the possibility of identifying himself with the Reader who is read: this is why he was not given a name, which would automatically have made him the equivalent of a Third Person, of a character (whereas to you, as Third Person, a name had to be given, Ludmilla), and so he has been kept a pronoun, in the abstract condition of pronouns, suitable for any attribute and any action. Let us see, Other Reader, if the book can succeed in drawing a true portrait of you, beginning with the frame and enclosing you from every side, establishing the outlines of your form.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader) , Ludmilla (The Other Reader)
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 141
Explanation and Analysis:
In a network of lines that intersect Quotes

Maybe this is why I need mirrors to think: I cannot concentrate except in the presence of reflected images, as if my soul needed a model to imitate every time it wanted to employ its speculative capacity.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader) , Lorna, Elfrida
Page Number: 161
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 8 Quotes

The Koran is the holy book about whose compositional process we know most. There were at least two mediations between the whole and the book: Mohammed listened to the word of Allah and dictated, in his turn, to his scribes. Once—the biographers of the Prophet tell us— while dictating to the scribe Abdullah, Mohammed left a sentence half finished. The scribe, instinctively, suggested the conclusion. Absently, the Prophet accepted as the divine word what Abdullah had said. This scandalized the scribe, who abandoned the Prophet and lost his faith.

He was wrong… The scribe’s collaboration was necessary to Allah, once he had decided to express himself in a written text.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader) , Ludmilla (The Other Reader), Ermes Marana, Silas Flannery
Page Number: 182
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 9 Quotes

“I don’t understand who you’re accusing, I don’t know anything about your stories. I follow a very clear strategy. The counterpower must infiltrate the mechanisms of power in order to overthrow it.”

“And then reproduce it, identically! It’s no use your camouflaging yourself, Lotaria! If you unbutton one uniform, there’s always another uniform underneath!”

Related Characters: You (The Reader) (speaker), Corinna (speaker), Lotaria, Uzzi Tuzii, Professor Galligani
Page Number: 218
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 10 Quotes

“I don’t know if you believe in the Spirit, sir. I believe in it. I believe in the dialogue that the Spirit conducts uninterruptedly with itself. And I feel that this dialogue is fulfilled as my gaze examines these forbidden pages. The Police is also Spirit, the State that I serve, the Censorship, like the texts on which our authority is exercised. The breath of the Spirit does not require a great audience to reveal itself; it flourishes in the shadow, in the obscure relationship perpetuated between the secrecy of the conspirators and the secrecy of the Police.”

Related Characters: Arkadian Porphyrich (speaker), You (The Reader)
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 237
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 11 Quotes

If on a winter’s night a traveler, outside the town of Malbork, leaning from the steep slope without fear of wind or vertigo, looks down in the gathering shadow in a network of lines that enlace, in a network of lines that intersect, on the carpet of leaves illuminated by the moon around an empty grave— What story down there awaits its end?—he asks, anxious to hear the story.”

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader)
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 258
Explanation and Analysis:

The seventh reader interrupts you: “Do you believe that every story must have a beginning and an end? In ancient times a story could end only in two ways: having passed all the tests, the hero and the heroine married, or else they died. The ultimate meaning to which all stories refer has two faces: the continuity of life, the inevitability of death.”

You stop for a moment to reflect on these words. Then, in a flash, you decide you want to marry Ludmilla.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader) , Lotaria, Uzzi Tuzii, Corinna, Professor Galligani
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 259
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 12 Quotes

And you say, “Just a moment, I’ve almost finished If on a winter’s night a traveler by Italo Calvino.”

Related Characters: You (The Reader) (speaker), Ludmilla (The Other Reader), Italo Calvino
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 260
Explanation and Analysis:
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You (The Reader) Quotes in If on a winter’s night a traveler

The If on a winter’s night a traveler quotes below are all either spoken by You (The Reader) or refer to You (The Reader) . For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
The Act of Reading Theme Icon
).
Chapter 1 Quotes

You are about to begin reading Italo Calvino’s new novel, If on a winter’s night a traveler. Relax. Concentrate. Dispel every other thought. Let the world around you fade.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader) , Italo Calvino
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 3
Explanation and Analysis:

You prepare to recognize the unmistakable tone of the author. No. You don’t recognize it at all. But now that you think about it, who ever said this author had an unmistakable tone? On the contrary, he is known as an author who changes greatly from one book to the next. And in these very changes you recognize him as himself.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader) , Italo Calvino
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 9
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 2 Quotes

And so the Other Reader makes her happy entrance into your field of vision, Reader, or, rather, into the field of your attention; or, rather, you have entered a magnetic field from whose attraction you cannot escape. Don’t waste time, then, you have a good excuse to strike up a conversation, a common ground, just think a moment, you can show off your vast and various reading, go ahead, what are you waiting for?

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader) , Ludmilla (The Other Reader), Bookseller
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 29
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 3 Quotes

“Me? I don’t read books!” Irnerio says.

“What do you read, then?”

“Nothing. I’ve become so accustomed to not reading that I don’t even read what appears before my eyes. It’s not easy: they teach us to read as children, and for the rest of our lives we remain the slaves of all the written stuff they fling in front of us. I may have had to make some effort myself, at first, to learn not to read, but now it comes quite naturally to me. The secret is not refusing to look at the written words. On the contrary, you must look at them, intensely, until they disappear.”

Related Characters: You (The Reader) (speaker), Irnerio (speaker), Ludmilla (The Other Reader), Uzzi Tuzii
Page Number: 49
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 4 Quotes

The Cimbro-Cimmerian debate does not seem to affect Ludmilla, now occupied with a single thought: the possibility that the interrupted novel might continue.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader) , Ludmilla (The Other Reader), Lotaria, Uzzi Tuzii, Professor Galligani
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 74
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 5 Quotes

You realize at once that Mr. Cavedagna is that person indispensable to every firm’s staff, on whose shoulders his colleagues tend instinctively to unload all the most complex and tricky jobs.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader) , Ludmilla (The Other Reader), Italo Calvino, Mr. Cavedagna
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 95
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 6 Quotes

Ermes Marana appears to you as a serpent who injects his malice into the paradise of reading.

This quote describes the Reader’s reaction to first hearing about Ermes Marana, a translator whom the Reader learns about in the publishing house he visits and who seems to have an unusual life full of conspiracy and mystery. Marana has a reputation as a counterfeiter, claiming to translate books but in fact replacing them with translations of totally unrelated books. While the Reader seems to be interested in Marana, unable to stop reading his letters, ultimately the Reader finds Marana disturbing.

By raising the idea that a translation could be an unfaithful copy of the original, Marana destroys the Reader’s notion of a book as an act of communication between an author and a reader. Although Marana represents an extreme case, he illustrates how in general, translation can be a tricky job, and even a faithful translator may nevertheless introduce some changes into a book. By refusing to remain ignorant about the book-making process, the Reader, like Ludmilla, finds himself falling down a rabbit hole of questions that make him doubt everything he knows about reading. This reinforces the novel’s broader argument about how the truth can be elusive and fragmented.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader) , Ludmilla (The Other Reader), Ermes Marana, Silas Flannery
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 125
Chapter 7 Quotes

This book so far has been careful to leave open to the Reader who is reading the possibility of identifying himself with the Reader who is read: this is why he was not given a name, which would automatically have made him the equivalent of a Third Person, of a character (whereas to you, as Third Person, a name had to be given, Ludmilla), and so he has been kept a pronoun, in the abstract condition of pronouns, suitable for any attribute and any action. Let us see, Other Reader, if the book can succeed in drawing a true portrait of you, beginning with the frame and enclosing you from every side, establishing the outlines of your form.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader) , Ludmilla (The Other Reader)
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 141
Explanation and Analysis:
In a network of lines that intersect Quotes

Maybe this is why I need mirrors to think: I cannot concentrate except in the presence of reflected images, as if my soul needed a model to imitate every time it wanted to employ its speculative capacity.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader) , Lorna, Elfrida
Page Number: 161
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 8 Quotes

The Koran is the holy book about whose compositional process we know most. There were at least two mediations between the whole and the book: Mohammed listened to the word of Allah and dictated, in his turn, to his scribes. Once—the biographers of the Prophet tell us— while dictating to the scribe Abdullah, Mohammed left a sentence half finished. The scribe, instinctively, suggested the conclusion. Absently, the Prophet accepted as the divine word what Abdullah had said. This scandalized the scribe, who abandoned the Prophet and lost his faith.

He was wrong… The scribe’s collaboration was necessary to Allah, once he had decided to express himself in a written text.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader) , Ludmilla (The Other Reader), Ermes Marana, Silas Flannery
Page Number: 182
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 9 Quotes

“I don’t understand who you’re accusing, I don’t know anything about your stories. I follow a very clear strategy. The counterpower must infiltrate the mechanisms of power in order to overthrow it.”

“And then reproduce it, identically! It’s no use your camouflaging yourself, Lotaria! If you unbutton one uniform, there’s always another uniform underneath!”

Related Characters: You (The Reader) (speaker), Corinna (speaker), Lotaria, Uzzi Tuzii, Professor Galligani
Page Number: 218
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 10 Quotes

“I don’t know if you believe in the Spirit, sir. I believe in it. I believe in the dialogue that the Spirit conducts uninterruptedly with itself. And I feel that this dialogue is fulfilled as my gaze examines these forbidden pages. The Police is also Spirit, the State that I serve, the Censorship, like the texts on which our authority is exercised. The breath of the Spirit does not require a great audience to reveal itself; it flourishes in the shadow, in the obscure relationship perpetuated between the secrecy of the conspirators and the secrecy of the Police.”

Related Characters: Arkadian Porphyrich (speaker), You (The Reader)
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 237
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 11 Quotes

If on a winter’s night a traveler, outside the town of Malbork, leaning from the steep slope without fear of wind or vertigo, looks down in the gathering shadow in a network of lines that enlace, in a network of lines that intersect, on the carpet of leaves illuminated by the moon around an empty grave— What story down there awaits its end?—he asks, anxious to hear the story.”

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader)
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 258
Explanation and Analysis:

The seventh reader interrupts you: “Do you believe that every story must have a beginning and an end? In ancient times a story could end only in two ways: having passed all the tests, the hero and the heroine married, or else they died. The ultimate meaning to which all stories refer has two faces: the continuity of life, the inevitability of death.”

You stop for a moment to reflect on these words. Then, in a flash, you decide you want to marry Ludmilla.

Related Characters: The Narrator (speaker), You (The Reader) , Lotaria, Uzzi Tuzii, Corinna, Professor Galligani
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 259
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 12 Quotes

And you say, “Just a moment, I’ve almost finished If on a winter’s night a traveler by Italo Calvino.”

Related Characters: You (The Reader) (speaker), Ludmilla (The Other Reader), Italo Calvino
Related Symbols: Books
Page Number: 260
Explanation and Analysis: