Middlesex

by

Jeffrey Eugenides

Summary
Analysis
Cal’s neighborhood of Schöneberg in Berlin has a large Turkish population, and he feels at home there despite the historic tensions between his ancestors and the Turks. He has requested to be transferred to the American embassy in Istanbul, and thinks that moving there would be coming “full circle.” Watching a German-Turkish baker making bread, Cal reflects that every person consists of “many parts, other halves.” 
Unlike other members of his family, who carry prejudice against Turkish people as if it is a family heirloom, Cal does not feel any sense of inherited antipathy toward Turkish people. In fact, it makes him happy to come “full circle” and live among Turks like his grandparents did. 
Themes
Rebirth vs. Continuity Theme Icon
Ancestry, Inheritance, and Fate Theme Icon
False Binaries Theme Icon
Migration, Ethnicity, and the American Dream Theme Icon
Quotes
In the past, a scrawny kid with long, hippie hair rings the bell of Ed’s Barber Shop in Scranton. The kid announces that he’s done with the long hair trend, and Ed concurs. The kid is “Cal Stephanides, teen runaway.” Cal has been teaching himself to move like a boy. As Cal sits down, Ed complains that he doesn’t understand young people’s preference for “unisex” hair, and expresses horror that boys want to be “shampooed.” Cutting off Cal’s long hair, Ed assures him that women will prefer him this way. Cal comments that just as Lefty and Desdemona fled home and reinvented themselves, so is he. He explains that from New York, he took a bus to Scranton, Pennsylvania. Frightened, he considered turning back, but the thought of the surgery kept him going.
Ed’s throwaway comment about young people’s preferences for “unisex” style is actually very significant. It situates Cal’s androgyny as being something that is not necessarily undesirable, even as there are still ways in which intersex people are seen as freakish and abnormal. Moreover, it is also interesting from a contemporary perspective, considering that similar statements about young people’s preference for androgyny are often made today.
Themes
Rebirth vs. Continuity Theme Icon
False Binaries Theme Icon
Secrets Theme Icon
Cal buys himself clothes at the Salvation Army in Scranton, though he feels that his haircut is by far the most important part of his transformation. When Ed shows Cal his new look in the mirror, Cal is stunned by how masculine he looks. The first thing he thinks of is the Obscure Object, and he is briefly overcome with heartbreak. Leaving the barbershop, Cal reasons that he looks like an arty prep school kid who could be 17 or 18. Cal wants to go to California, but the bus fare is more than he can afford. At a diner, he drinks coffee for the first time, with two packets of creamer and four sugars.
Cal is becoming a new person, and in the process of his gender transition, he is growing up fast. At the same time, remnants of his childhood cling to him, such as his heartbroken thoughts about the Obscure Object and his preference for extremely sweet coffee. Even amidst rebirth, there is continuity—Cal is still the same person on the inside.
Themes
Rebirth vs. Continuity Theme Icon
False Binaries Theme Icon
Migration, Ethnicity, and the American Dream Theme Icon
Although Milton and Tessie have warned him against it, Cal decides to hitchhike. He doesn’t blame his parents for wanting him to undergo surgery, as they just want what they think is best for him. A truck stops and the driver invites Cal into the Cab, which is grimy and strewn with garbage. The driver asks Cab to keep him awake by talking to him. However, it is the man himself who talks the most, while Cal listens. Cal gets out at a motel in Ohio. After spending the night there he continues to hitchhike through Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, and Nebraska. Cal’s mustache begins to grow out, and he lets his voice get deeper. He tells the people he meets that he’s on the way to begin college at Stanford. 
It might escape notice because it takes place within the same country, but Cal is also migrating in this passage. For Cal, like for his grandparents, migration is an opportunity for reinvention. Meeting strangers on the open road, he is able to craft a fictional identity for himself, which in turn allows him to get used to identifying as a boy.
Themes
Rebirth vs. Continuity Theme Icon
False Binaries Theme Icon
Migration, Ethnicity, and the American Dream Theme Icon
Secrets Theme Icon
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Middlesex PDF
At first, Cal goes overboard with his performance of masculinity, but eventually scales back. In Iowa, he is picked up by a couple who drive an RV. He is pleased when he feels like they treat him as an adopted son, although he can also tell that there are still traces of the personality of a daughter within him. Cal buys men’s hygiene products and starts using the men’s bathroom. He is disgusted by the dirtiness of the bathroom and remains somewhat horrified of penises. He is afraid of being caught looking too closely, and his anatomy means that he needs to use a stall and sit to urinate, which he still does to this day.
For Cal, transitioning to male gender identity isn’t an instant experience of affirmation and rightness. Indeed, Cal remains unsure about many aspects of masculinity. Rather than a role Cal happily slips into, male identity is more like a landscape he is exploring.
Themes
Rebirth vs. Continuity Theme Icon
Ancestry, Inheritance, and Fate Theme Icon
False Binaries Theme Icon
Migration, Ethnicity, and the American Dream Theme Icon
Secrets Theme Icon
Meanwhile, in the various motel rooms in which he sleeps, Cal learns about his “new body,” including how to make himself feel pleasure. In Nebraska, Cal is picked up by a man named Ben Scheer, who talks to him about existentialism, Andy Warhol, and the Theater of the Absurd. Cal likes Scheer, and thinks that he is the kind of man Cal himself would like to be. At one point, Scheer stops to buy wine, cheese, and olives, which they consume while they drive. That night, Scheer treats Cal to dinner, sneakily buying him a drink even when the waitress refuses to serve Cal alcohol because of his lack of ID.
Like many young people before him, Cal is seduced by an older person who seems sophisticated, intelligent, and worldly, thereby representing the kind of person Cal himself hopes to become. Of course, from an outside perspective it is easy to see how such figures can end up being dangerous, manipulative, and predatory.
Themes
Rebirth vs. Continuity Theme Icon
False Binaries Theme Icon
Migration, Ethnicity, and the American Dream Theme Icon
Secrets Theme Icon
After leaving the restaurant and getting back on the road, they drink more beer, until Scheer announces that he is too tired to keep driving and that he will get them both motel rooms. At this point Cal is very drunk, and collapses on the bed. Scheer tries to embrace Cal, but Cal pushes him away. When Cal wakes up in the morning, his shirt is undone, and Scheer’s pants are off. Cal showers and gets changed, then sneaks out of the motel. On the verge of tears, he considers calling his parents, but ultimately ends up continuing his journey, this time getting into a car that is going all the way to California.
The sad truth is that Cal is very fortunate in this scene that he doesn’t end up being raped. Rates of sexual violence against homeless trans youth like him are extremely high, and Cal's narrative shows why this is. Forced to depend on other people’s kindness and still trusting enough to believe that adults won’t hurt him, Cal ends up in risky situations.
Themes
False Binaries Theme Icon
Migration, Ethnicity, and the American Dream Theme Icon